Biogenesis of EVs in Trypanosomatids.

4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Current topics in membranes Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-07 DOI:10.1016/bs.ctm.2024.06.004
Nadjania Saraiva De Lira Silva, Sergio Schenkman
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites responsible for human diseases such as Chagas disease, African trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis. These organisms' growth in various environments and exhibit multiple morphological stages, while adapting their surface components. They acquire and release materials extensively to get nutrients and manage interactions with the extracellular environment. They acquire and utilize proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates for growth via using membrane transport and endocytosis. Endocytosis takes place through distinct membrane areas known as the flagellar pocket and cytostome, depending on the parasite species and its developmental stage. Some forms establish a complex endocytic system to either store or break down the absorbed materials. In contrast, membrane transport facilitates the uptake of small molecules like amino acids, carbohydrates, and iron via particular receptors on the plasma membrane. Concurrently, these parasites secrete various molecules such as proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates either in soluble form or enclosed in extracellular vesicles, which significantly contribute to their parasitic behavior. These activities require exocytosis through a secretory pathway in certain membrane domains such as the flagellum, flagellar pocket, and plasma membrane, which are controlled at various developmental stages. The main features of the endocytic and exocytic mechanisms, as well as the organelles involved, are discussed in this chapter along with their connection to the formation of exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the Tritryp species.

锥虫体内 EVs 的生物生成。
锥虫是原生动物寄生虫,是恰加斯病、非洲锥虫病和利什曼病等人类疾病的元凶。这些生物在各种环境中生长,表现出多个形态阶段,同时调整其表面成分。它们广泛获取和释放物质,以获取营养并处理与细胞外环境的相互作用。它们通过膜转运和内吞作用获取和利用蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物以促进生长。内吞作用通过不同的膜区域进行,这些区域被称为鞭毛袋和细胞寄生体,具体取决于寄生虫的种类及其发育阶段。有些寄生虫会建立复杂的内吞系统来储存或分解吸收的物质。与此相反,膜运输可通过质膜上的特定受体吸收氨基酸、碳水化合物和铁等小分子物质。与此同时,这些寄生虫还以可溶的形式或包裹在细胞外囊泡中分泌各种分子,如蛋白质、酶、核酸和糖结合物,这对它们的寄生行为有很大的帮助。这些活动需要通过某些膜域(如鞭毛、鞭毛袋和质膜)的分泌途径进行外排,而这些膜域在不同的发育阶段受到控制。本章将讨论内吞和外吞机制的主要特征以及所涉及的细胞器,并讨论它们与Tritryp物种中外泌体和胞外囊泡的形成之间的联系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Current topics in membranes
Current topics in membranes 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Current Topics in Membranes provides a systematic, comprehensive, and rigorous approach to specific topics relevant to the study of cellular membranes. Each volume is a guest edited compendium of membrane biology.
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