Extracellular vesicles in parasitic protozoa: Impact of Leishmania exosomes containing Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) on Leishmania infectivity and disease progression.

4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Current topics in membranes Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-16 DOI:10.1016/bs.ctm.2024.07.002
Marine Leroux, Andrea Lafleur, Carlos Villalba-Guerrero, Myriam Beaulieu, Andressa Brito Lira, Martin Olivier
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the interplay between Leishmania parasites and their host, particularly on Leishmania RNA virus (LRVs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating host-pathogen interactions. Leishmania EVs have been shown to facilitate gene transfer, including drug-resistance genes, enhancing the parasites' survival and resistance to antileishmanial therapeutics. These EVs also play a significant role in host immune modulation by altering cytokine production in macrophages and promoting an anti-inflammatory environment that favours parasitic persistence. The presence of virulence factors such as GP63 within these EVs further underscores their role in the parasite's immunopathogenesis. Over the last few decades, LRVs have been established as drivers of the severity and persistence of leishmaniasis by exacerbating inflammatory responses and potentially influencing treatment outcomes. This chapter discusses the evolutionary origins and classification of these viruses, and explores their role in parasitic pathogenicity, highlighting their ubiquity across protozoan parasites and their impact on disease progression.

寄生原生动物的胞外囊泡:含有利什曼病RNA病毒1(LRV1)的利什曼病外泌体对利什曼病感染性和疾病进展的影响。
本章重点探讨利什曼病寄生虫与其宿主之间的相互作用,特别是利什曼病RNA病毒(LRVs)和胞外囊泡(EVs)在调节宿主与病原体相互作用方面的作用。研究表明,利什曼原虫的细胞外囊泡能促进基因转移,包括耐药基因的转移,从而提高寄生虫的存活率和对抗利什曼病治疗药物的耐药性。这些 EVs 还通过改变巨噬细胞中细胞因子的产生和促进有利于寄生虫存活的抗炎环境,在宿主免疫调节中发挥重要作用。这些 EVs 中存在 GP63 等毒力因子,进一步突出了它们在寄生虫免疫发病机制中的作用。过去几十年来,LRVs 通过加剧炎症反应并可能影响治疗效果,已被证实是利什曼病严重性和持续性的驱动因素。本章讨论了这些病毒的进化起源和分类,并探讨了它们在寄生虫致病性中的作用,强调了它们在原生动物寄生虫中的普遍性及其对疾病进展的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Current topics in membranes
Current topics in membranes 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Current Topics in Membranes provides a systematic, comprehensive, and rigorous approach to specific topics relevant to the study of cellular membranes. Each volume is a guest edited compendium of membrane biology.
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