Effects of aerial liming on soil chemical and biological properties in metal contaminated and inaccessible lands in Ontario (Canada).

IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Ecotoxicology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-06 DOI:10.1007/s10646-024-02804-5
Katheryn Klajman, Peter Beckett, Graeme Spiers, Kabwe Nkongolo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The manual addition of lime to soil, in addition to tree planting and fertilization have been the dominant strategy described in restoration protocols for ecosystems damaged by acid rain and metal contamination. Investigations on aerial-limed soils in inaccessible lands are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of aerial liming on soil pH, organic matter, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities, and aboveground plant population quality in metal-contaminated lands in northern Ontario, Canada. Soil samples were collected from three sites around the City of Greater Sudbury with each pair being composed of a reclaimed (areal-limed) site and an adjacent undisturbed (unlimed) area. Soil physico-chemistry, microbial biomass (assessed by Phospholipid fatty acid analysis) and enzymatic activities were analyzed. Soil pH was higher in limed sites compared to unlimed at recently restored sites (Baby Lake and Wahnapitae) but not at the oldest reclaimed site (HWY 80 N). Organic matter was higher in limed areas compared to the unlimed reference site only at most recently reclaimed site at Baby Lake. Aboveground plant population health was visibly improved in limed sites compared to unlimed areas. Metal concentrations of iron (Fe) and arsenic (As), total microbial biomasses, gram-negative bacterial, fungal, and eukaryotic biomasses were all significantly increased in the limed soils compared to the unlimed samples. The same trend was observed for the activities of three of the enzymes tested, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (BG), aryl sulfatase (AS), and glycine aminopeptidase (GAP). Interestingly, strong positive correlations between the levels of soil organic matter, microbial biomasses, and NAGase and ALP activities were observed. Although expensive, aerial liming is effective in restoring inaccessible sites impacted by smelting operations where other methods cannot easily be used.

在安大略省(加拿大)受金属污染和无法进入的土地上进行航空石灰化对土壤化学和生物特性的影响。
在酸雨和金属污染破坏的生态系统的恢复方案中,除了植树和施肥外,在土壤中人工添加石灰一直是主要的策略。在交通不便的地区,对空中添加石灰的土壤进行的调查十分有限。本研究的目的是评估空中施肥对加拿大安大略省北部受金属污染土地的土壤 pH 值、有机质、微生物生物量和酶活性以及地上植物种群质量的影响。从大萨德伯里市周围的三个地点采集了土壤样本,每对样本都由一个复垦(区域限制)地点和一个相邻的未扰动(未限制)区域组成。对土壤物理化学、微生物生物量(通过磷脂脂肪酸分析评估)和酶活性进行了分析。在新近恢复的地点(婴儿湖和 Wahnapitae),与未限制的地点相比,限制地点的土壤 pH 值较高,但在最古老的开垦地点(HWY 80 N)则不然。只有在婴儿湖的最新开垦地点,施过石灰的地区的有机质高于未施石灰的参考地点。与未进行土壤改良的地区相比,土壤改良地区的地上植物群落健康状况明显改善。与未限制样本相比,限制土壤中铁(Fe)和砷(As)的金属浓度、总微生物生物量、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌和真核生物量均显著增加。β-N-乙酰葡糖苷酶(BG)、芳基硫酸酯酶(AS)和甘氨酸氨肽酶(GAP)这三种测试酶的活性也呈现出同样的趋势。有趣的是,在土壤有机质水平、微生物生物量、NAGase 和 ALP 活性之间观察到了很强的正相关性。虽然成本高昂,但空中石灰化对恢复受冶炼作业影响的难以进入的地点非常有效,因为其他方法难以使用这些地点。
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来源期刊
Ecotoxicology
Ecotoxicology 环境科学-毒理学
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
3.70%
发文量
107
审稿时长
4.7 months
期刊介绍: Ecotoxicology is an international journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research on the effects of toxic chemicals on populations, communities and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. It aims to elucidate mechanisms and processes whereby chemicals exert their effects on ecosystems and the impact caused at the population or community level. The journal is not biased with respect to taxon or biome, and papers that indicate possible new approaches to regulation and control of toxic chemicals and those aiding in formulating ways of conserving threatened species are particularly welcome. Studies on individuals should demonstrate linkage to population effects in clear and quantitative ways. Laboratory studies must show a clear linkage to specific field situations. The journal includes not only original research papers but technical notes and review articles, both invited and submitted. A strong, broadly based editorial board ensures as wide an international coverage as possible.
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