Understanding the journey towards rabies vaccination for travellers: Results of a cross-sectional survey with patients and providers in the US, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland

Abstract

Background

Although cases of rabies in international travellers are uncommon, they are a fatal risk which can be alleviated through vaccination prior to travel. As international travel recovers post-COVID, it is vital that travellers are made aware of the risk of rabies when travelling to endemic countries and supported to receive the vaccine when eligible.

Methods

Online surveys were conducted in the US, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland between November 2022–January 2023 with both patients and healthcare providers (HCPs). Eligibility criteria for patients included those eligible for rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) due to travel location and activity; HCPs had to be providers of travel vaccinations. In both surveys, questions were asked about discussion of rabies vaccination, decision of whether to administer a rabies vaccine, recommendation to get the rabies vaccine, and final decision to get a vaccine.

Results

The final patient sample included n = 1557 patients who were eligible for rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (US n = 504, Germany n = 353, Sweden n = 350, Switzerland n = 350) and n = 219 HCPs (US n = 75, Germany n = 75, Sweden n = 32, Switzerland n = 37). Although all patients in the sample were eligible for rabies vaccination, only 15 % felt they were at risk of getting rabies, and only 18 % received the rabies vaccine before their trip. HCPs reported discussing PrEP and/or PrEP and PEP with 30 % of patients presenting for travel vaccination advice, on average.

Conclusions

Awareness and perception of rabies risk, and lack of consistent HCP discussion of the need for rabies PrEP may be major barriers to uptake of the vaccine for patients who are eligible to receive it.