Typical earthworm assemblages of European ecosystem types

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE
Jonathan F. Jupke, Sebastian Scheu, Erin K. Cameron, Nico Eisenhauer, Helen R. P. Phillips, Jörg Römbke, Michiel Rutgers, Ralf B. Schäfer, Martin H. Entling
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Abstract

For nature conservation and planning, terrestrial ecosystems are commonly classified based on their plant communities. Although soils are fundamental to ecosystem functioning, ecosystem classifications based on soil organisms are rare, and it is poorly understood whether their assemblage compositions follow existing classification schemes. We examined whether commonly used ecosystem types capture variation in earthworm (Lumbricidae) assemblages—a crucial biotic component of soil ecosystems. To this end, we created four ecosystem classifications by combining large-scale climatic classifications (Biogeographic Regions [BGR] and Holdridge Life Zones [HLZ]) with small-scale land cover classifications (CORINE Land Cover [CLC] and European Nature Information System [EUNIS]). European earthworm assemblage data from the sWORM and Edaphobase databases were analysed for variation in composition within and among ecosystem types, using Permutational Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Similarities. Additionally, we used Typical Species Analysis to establish typical earthworm assemblages (TAs) for each ecosystem type. Ecosystem classifications using the BGR explained more variance than HLZ, but HLZ showed a higher separation of assemblages between ecosystem types. The differentiation between Atlantic and Continental climates in the BGR could explain the superiority over the HLZ, which had only one category for the cool temperate zone of our study region. The typical assemblages contained on average six species, with some habitat generalists present in most. This study shows that combinations of ecosystem properties from different spatial scales can be used to distinguish between earthworm assemblages at the European level. However, earthworm assemblages across Europe were highly similar due to low species richness and the dominance of a few widespread species. This limits the possibility of applying TAs on large spatial scales, for example, for environmental monitoring. We suggest that future studies should explore the use of more species-rich groups of soil organisms to characterize ecosystem types.

Abstract Image

欧洲生态系统类型中的典型蚯蚓群
在自然保护和规划方面,陆地生态系统通常根据其植物群落进行分类。虽然土壤是生态系统功能的基础,但基于土壤生物的生态系统分类却很少见,而且人们对土壤生物的集合组成是否遵循现有的分类方案也知之甚少。我们研究了常用的生态系统类型是否捕捉到了蚯蚓(Lumbricidae)--土壤生态系统的重要生物组成部分--集合体的变化。为此,我们将大尺度气候分类(生物地理区域 [BGR] 和 Holdridge 生命区 [HLZ])与小尺度土地覆被分类(CORINE 土地覆被 [CLC] 和欧洲自然信息系统 [EUNIS])相结合,创建了四种生态系统分类。我们使用排列组合方差分析和相似性分析方法,分析了 sWORM 和 Edaphobase 数据库中的欧洲蚯蚓群数据,以确定生态系统类型内部和生态系统类型之间的组成差异。此外,我们还使用典型物种分析法为每种生态系统类型建立了典型蚯蚓群(TAs)。与 HLZ 相比,使用 BGR 进行的生态系统分类能解释更多的方差,但 HLZ 在生态系统类型之间显示出更高的组合分离度。BGR 中对大西洋气候和大陆性气候的区分可能是其优于 HLZ 的原因,因为 HLZ 中只有一个类别针对我们研究区域的冷温带。典型的物种组合平均包含 6 个物种,其中大多数都有一些生境通性物种。这项研究表明,不同空间尺度的生态系统属性组合可用于在欧洲范围内区分蚯蚓群。然而,由于物种丰富度低和少数广泛分布的物种占主导地位,欧洲各地的蚯蚓群高度相似。这就限制了在大空间尺度上应用毒性评估的可能性,例如用于环境监测。我们建议,未来的研究应探索使用物种更丰富的土壤生物群来描述生态系统类型。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Soil Science
European Journal of Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
4.80%
发文量
117
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: The EJSS is an international journal that publishes outstanding papers in soil science that advance the theoretical and mechanistic understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes and their interactions in soils acting from molecular to continental scales in natural and managed environments.
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