Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)- and Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales Isolated from Fresh Herbs and Salads at Retail Level in Switzerland

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI:10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100368

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Fresh produce is usually consumed raw or minimally processed, making it a potential vehicle for the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microorganisms to humans. The objective of the study was to assess the occurrence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E and CPE), respectively, in 118 fresh herbs and 101 bagged salads collected at retail level in Switzerland and to characterize the isolates’ phenotypic and genotypic properties using culture-based methods and whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Of the fresh herbs, 6/118 contained ESBL-E and 7/118 yielded CPE. Of the salads, 13/101 contained ESBL-E and 1/101 CPE. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) identified 9/29 isolates as multidrug-resistant (MDR).

ESBL-E were Escherichia coli (n = 6), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 4) Enterobacter chuandaensis (n = 1), and Kluyvera spp. (n = 1) carrying ß-lactamase (bla) genes belonging to the cefotaximase-München (bla_CTX-M)-groups, Proteus spp. (n = 1) containing Hôpital-Universitaire-de-Genève-bla (bla_hugA), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 1) carrying sulfhydryl reagent variable bla (bla_SHV), and Serratia fonticola (n = 7) carrying S. fonticula bla (bla_FONA) genes. CPE were Enterobacter asburiae (n = 1) E. cloacae (n = 6) and E. vonholyi (n = 1) carrying imipenemase bla (bla_IMI) genes.

Several K. pneumoniae sequence types (STs) were identified (ST967, ST628, ST219, and ST1823), which have been linked to human disease and nosocomial outbreaks. They carried bla_CTX-M-15 on plasmids detected globally in environmental and clinical samples. E. coli (ST10, ST48, ST609, ST2040, ST6215 and ST3580) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) ST2040 carrying bla_CTX-M-15 were found. E. cloacae (ST820 and ST1516) with bla_IMI-1 have been found previously in clinical settings and community outbreaks.

The occurrence and consumption of fresh produce containing MDR ESBL-E and CPE pose substantial public health risks and raise significant food safety concerns.

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从瑞士零售的新鲜香草和沙拉中分离出的产广谱ß-内酰胺酶（ESBL）和碳青霉烯酶的肠杆菌。

新鲜农产品通常未经加工或加工程度极低，因此有可能成为向人类传播耐抗菌素（AMR）微生物的媒介。这项研究的目的是评估在瑞士零售市场收集的 118 种新鲜草药和 101 种袋装沙拉中分别存在的广谱ß-内酰胺酶（ESBL）和碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌（ESBL-E 和 CPE），并利用培养方法和全基因组测序（WGS）鉴定分离物的表型和基因型特性。在新鲜香草中，6/118 含有 ESBL-E，7/118 产生了 CPE。在沙拉中，13/101 含有 ESBL-E，1/101 产生 CPE。抗菌药物药敏试验（AST）确定 9/29 株分离物具有多重耐药性（MDR）。ESBL-E为大肠埃希菌（n=6）、肺炎克雷伯菌（n=4）、川大肠杆菌（n=1）和Kluyvera属（n=1），它们携带属于头孢他啶酶-慕尼黑（blaCTX-M）-群的ß-内酰胺酶（bla）基因；ESBL-E为变形杆菌（n=1）、肺炎克雷伯菌（n=4）、川大肠杆菌（n=1）和Kluyvera属（n=1），它们携带属于头孢他啶酶-慕尼黑（blaCTX-M）-群的ß-内酰胺酶（bla）基因。(n=1)含有 Hôpital- Universitaire-de-Genève-bla (blahugA)、Raoultella ornithinolytica (n=1) 携带巯基试剂变异 bla (blaSHV)，以及 Serratia fonticola (n=7) 携带 S. fonticula bla (blaFONA) 基因。CPE为携带亚胺培南酶 bla（blaIMI）基因的阿斯布氏肠杆菌（n=1）、泄殖腔肠杆菌（n=6）和冯霍利肠杆菌（n=1）。发现了几种肺炎克氏菌序列类型（STs）（ST967、ST628、ST219 和 ST1823），它们与人类疾病和医院内疫情爆发有关。它们携带的 blaCTX-M-15 质粒在全球环境和临床样本中都能检测到。发现了携带 blaCTX-M-15 的大肠杆菌（ST10、ST48、ST609、ST2040、ST6215 和 ST3580）和肠毒性大肠杆菌（ETEC）ST2040。以前在临床环境和社区疫情爆发中发现过携带 blaIMI-1 的泄殖腔杆菌（ST820 和 ST1516）。含有 MDR ESBL-E 和 CPE 的新鲜农产品的出现和消费对公众健康构成了巨大风险，并引发了重大的食品安全问题。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of food protection 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

5.00%

发文量

296

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Food Protection® (JFP) is an international, monthly scientific journal in the English language published by the International Association for Food Protection (IAFP). JFP publishes research and review articles on all aspects of food protection and safety. Major emphases of JFP are placed on studies dealing with: Tracking, detecting (including traditional, molecular, and real-time), inactivating, and controlling food-related hazards, including microorganisms (including antibiotic resistance), microbial (mycotoxins, seafood toxins) and non-microbial toxins (heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, migrants from food packaging, and processing contaminants), allergens and pests (insects, rodents) in human food, pet food and animal feed throughout the food chain; Microbiological food quality and traditional/novel methods to assay microbiological food quality; Prevention of food-related hazards and food spoilage through food preservatives and thermal/non-thermal processes, including process validation; Food fermentations and food-related probiotics; Safe food handling practices during pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest, distribution and consumption, including food safety education for retailers, foodservice, and consumers; Risk assessments for food-related hazards; Economic impact of food-related hazards, foodborne illness, food loss, food spoilage, and adulterated foods; Food fraud, food authentication, food defense, and foodborne disease outbreak investigations.