A cross-sectional analysis identifies a low prevalence of Plasmodium ovale species infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Kilifi county, Kenya.

Q1 Medicine

Wellcome Open Research Pub Date : 2024-09-17 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17972.4

Mercy Yvonne Akinyi, Margaret Chifwete, Leonard Ndwiga, Kelvin Muteru Kimenyi, Victor Osoti, Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The focus on P. falciparum diagnosis has led to an underestimation of the global burden of malaria resulting from neglected Plasmodium species. However, there is still scarce data on the prevalence of P. ovale species (spp) globally. To address this knowledge gap, data collected from cross-sectional studies in Kilifi county were used to: 1) determine the prevalence of P. ovale spp infections; and 2) determine the sensitivity of different diagnostic assays in detecting P. ovale spp infections.

Methods: A total of 531 individuals were sampled across three study sites in Kilifi County, Kenya between 2009 and 2020. Blood smears were prepared from peripheral blood and screened for Plasmodium parasite stages using light microscopy. Molecular screening involved DNA extraction of dried blood spots and blood in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeting the 18 small ribosomal subunit and sequencing.

Results: Microscopy screening revealed that the most prevalent species was P. falciparum (32.0%) followed by P. malariae (9.0%) and then P. ovale spp( 1.5%). PCR screening identified additional P. ovale spp positives cases. Overall PCR results indicate that43 (8.1%) out of the 531 individuals harbored P. ovale spp infection with the highest prevalence reported in the tertiary health facility, (14.6%, 95% CI 8-23.6%), followed by the primary health facility (8.3%, 95% CI 5.4-11.9%), and the community from a cross-sectional blood survey, (3.6%, 95% CI 1.2-8.2%). Microscopy screening for P. ovale spp had a low sensitivity of 7% (95% CI 1-19-30%) and a high specificity of 99% (95% CI 98-100%). Sequencing results confirmed the presence of P.ovale curtisi.

Conclusions: This study provides baseline data for P.ovale spp surveillance in Kilifi County, primarily using PCR to improve diagnosis. These results suggest that malaria elimination and eradication efforts should not only concentrate on P. falciparum but should embrace a holistic approach towards elimination of all Plasmodium spp.

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一项横断面分析发现，肯尼亚基利菲县有症状和无症状人群中卵形疟原虫感染率较低。

背景：对恶性疟原虫诊断的关注导致低估了被忽视的疟原虫种类造成的全球疟疾负担。然而，有关全球卵形疟原虫流行情况的数据仍然很少。为了填补这一知识空白，我们利用在基利菲县进行的横断面研究收集的数据，以便：1）确定卵形疟原虫的流行率：方法：方法：2009 年至 2020 年期间，在肯尼亚基利菲县的三个研究地点共采集了 531 人的样本。从外周血中制备血涂片，用光学显微镜筛查疟原虫阶段。分子筛查包括提取干血斑和乙二胺四乙酸血液中的 DNA，使用针对 18 小核糖体亚基的引物进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）和测序：显微镜筛查显示，最常见的是恶性疟原虫（32.0%），其次是疟疾疟原虫（9.0%），然后是卵形疟原虫（1.5%）。PCR 筛查发现了更多的卵形疟原虫阳性病例。总体 PCR 结果显示，531 人中有 43 人（8.1%）感染了卵形孢子虫，其中三级医疗机构的感染率最高（14.6%，95% CI 8-23.6%），其次是一级医疗机构（8.3%，95% CI 5.4-11.9%），社区横断面血液调查的感染率为（3.6%，95% CI 1.2-8.2%）。显微镜筛查卵圆形蝇属的敏感性较低，为 7%（95% CI 1-19-30%），特异性较高，为 99%（95% CI 98-100%）。测序结果证实了 P.ovale curtisi 的存在：这项研究为基利菲县的卵形孢子虫属监测提供了基线数据，主要是利用 PCR 提高诊断率。这些结果表明，消除和根除疟疾的工作不应只集中在恶性疟原虫上，而应采取综合方法消除所有疟原虫。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Wellcome Open Research Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

426

审稿时长

1 weeks

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