Use of strain imaging to detect subtle myocardial involvement in post COVID-19 patients: An Indian perspective

Abstract

Background

The study assessed Global longitudinal strain imaging (GLS) to detect subtle myocardial dysfunction among patients clinically recovered from COVID-19.

Methods

All patients (n = 101 76 % males, mean age 55.45 ± 11.14 years), and controls (n = 30), underwent clinical assessment and echocardiography, including GLS assessment.

Results

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia was comparable amongst patients and controls. The average GLS was significantly lesser in post COVID patients (−16.21 ± 1.96 vs −18.49 ± 1.64 respectively, p = 0.004) and significantly higher proportion of post COVID patients had GLS > -18 % (43 % vs 22.58 % respectively, p = 0.001) as compared to controls. The RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVFLS) was also lower in the patient group (22.35 ± 4.69 vs 24.19 ± 4.11, p = 0.004) and 21.7 % post COVID-19 patients had pathological RV FWLS (> −20 %) vs controls (6.6 %).

Average GLS was significantly lesser in severe post COVID patients (viz −14.25 ± 1.92 vs −16.63 ± 1.61 vs −17.63 ± 1.91, p < 0.0001, respectively among severe, moderate and mild COVID-19 patients. On performing regression analysis, severity of COVID-19 (OR 7.762) was a significant predictor of impaired GLS.

Conclusion

Despite normal global LVEF, post COVID-19 recovered patients had significantly lower LV GLS and RV FWLS with severe COVID-19 infection, regardless of having a clinical recovery. This study reiterates the importance of speckle tracking echocardiography as an important imaging modality for detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in the post COVID-19 recovered patients.