Space Radiology: Emerging Nonsonographic Medical Imaging Techniques and the Potential Applications for Human Spaceflight.

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Michael Pohlen
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Abstract

Space medicine is a multidisciplinary field that requires the integration of medical imaging techniques and expertise in diagnosing and treating a wide range of acute and chronic conditions to maintain astronaut health. Medical imaging within this domain has been viewed historically through the lens of inflight point-of-care ultrasound and predominantly research uses of cross-sectional imaging before and after flight. However, space radiology, a subfield defined here as the applications of imaging before, during, and after spaceflight, will grow to necessitate the involvement of more advanced imaging techniques and subspecialist expertise as missions increase in length and complexity. While the performance of imaging in spaceflight is limited by equipment mass and volume, power supply, radiation exposure, communication delays, and personnel training, recent developments in nonsonographic modalities have opened the door to their potential for in-mission use. Additionally, improved exam protocols and scanner technology in combination with artificial intelligence algorithms have greatly advanced the utility of possible pre- and postflight studies. This article reviews the past and present of space radiology and discusses possible use cases, knowledge gaps, and future research directions for radiography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging within space medicine, including both the performance of new exam types for new indications and the increased extraction of information from exams already routinely obtained. Through thoughtfully augmenting the use of these tools, medical mission risk may be reduced substantially through preflight screening, inflight diagnosis and management, and inflight and postflight surveillance.

太空放射学:新兴的 Nonsonographic 医学成像技术及其在载人航天飞行中的潜在应用。
空间医学是一个多学科领域,需要整合医学成像技术和专业知识,诊断和治疗各种急慢性疾病,以维护宇航员的健康。这一领域的医学成像历来是通过机上护理点超声波和飞行前后横断面成像的主要研究用途来看待的。然而,随着飞行任务时间的延长和复杂程度的增加,空间放射学(这里定义为飞行前、飞行中和飞行后成像应用的子领域)的发展将需要更先进的成像技术和亚专科专业知识的参与。虽然航天成像的性能受到设备质量和体积、电源、辐射暴露、通信延迟和人员培训等因素的限制,但最近在非超声成像模式方面的发展为其在飞行任务中的应用潜力打开了大门。此外,改进的检查方案和扫描仪技术与人工智能算法相结合,大大提高了飞行前和飞行后研究的实用性。本文回顾了空间放射学的过去和现在,并讨论了空间医学中放射学、透视学、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像的可能用例、知识差距和未来研究方向,包括针对新适应症的新检查类型的性能和从已常规获得的检查中提取更多信息。通过深思熟虑地加强这些工具的使用,可以通过飞行前筛查、飞行中诊断和管理以及飞行中和飞行后监测,大大降低医疗飞行任务的风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
7.10%
发文量
96
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, the official journal of the Wilderness Medical Society, is the leading journal for physicians practicing medicine in austere environments. This quarterly journal features articles on all aspects of wilderness medicine, including high altitude and climbing, cold- and heat-related phenomena, natural environmental disasters, immersion and near-drowning, diving, and barotrauma, hazardous plants/animals/insects/marine animals, animal attacks, search and rescue, ethical and legal issues, aeromedial transport, survival physiology, medicine in remote environments, travel medicine, operational medicine, and wilderness trauma management. It presents original research and clinical reports from scientists and practitioners around the globe. WEM invites submissions from authors who want to take advantage of our established publication''s unique scope, wide readership, and international recognition in the field of wilderness medicine. Its readership is a diverse group of medical and outdoor professionals who choose WEM as their primary wilderness medical resource.
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