Unique Kinetics of the Human Milk Antibody Response to JYNNEOS Vaccine for Prevention of Monkey Pox: A Case Study.

IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY
Xiaoqi Yang, Alisa Fox, Claire DeCarlo, Rebecca L R Powell
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Abstract

Background: JYNNEOS is a nonreplicating modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine currently licensed to prevent monkeypox infection, and its milk immunogenicity remains unstudied. Objective: Investigate the human milk immunogenicity of the JYNNEOS vaccine in one individual and examine the milk for evidence of vaccine components. Methods: Immunogenicity of milk and plasma samples were tested by Luminex assays against Vaccinia antigens, and vaccine components were tested using PCR and sandwich ELISA. Results: Plasma antibody (Ab) response increased up to 3.7-fold in immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and 1.4-fold in IgA compared with baseline, confirming vaccine immunogenicity in this participant 2 weeks post dose 2. Specific plasma IgG remained 1.2- to 1.7-fold above baseline 12 weeks post dose 2, while IgA returned to baseline levels. Notably, the milk response exhibited unique kinetics, particularly for IgA. Milk IgA against all three antigens increased 0.9- to 2.2-fold 2 weeks post dose 2, reaching a peak titer increase of 1.1- to 2.7-fold at 12 weeks post dose 2. Secretory (s) Ab levels increased to 1.1- to 2-fold at 2 weeks post dose 2 and reached a peak of 2- to 3.2-fold increase at the 12-week time point. Importantly, IgA and sAb responses in milk exhibited correlation, suggesting most milk IgA was sIgA. Notably, no vaccine components (VACV protein or DNA) were detected in the milk samples. Conclusion: These data suggest that the milk Ab response to this intradermal (ID) VACV-based vaccine is distinct from that observed systemically, indicating a unique mucosal immune response and highlighting its potential to elicit protective long-lasting sIgA. This case report provides strong evidence for inclusion of this vaccine platform in future studies of maternal vaccines aimed to elicit a protective milk Ab response.

用于预防猴痘的 JYNNEOS 疫苗人乳抗体反应的独特动力学:案例研究。
背景:JYNNEOS是一种不可复制的改良安卡拉疫苗,目前已被许可用于预防猴痘感染,但其乳汁免疫原性仍未得到研究。研究目的调查 JYNNEOS 疫苗在一个人乳汁中的免疫原性,并检查乳汁中疫苗成分的证据。方法:用 Luminex 法检测牛奶和血浆样本对疫苗抗原的免疫原性,用 PCR 法和夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测疫苗成分。结果与基线相比,血浆抗体(Ab)反应中免疫球蛋白 G (IgG) 滴度增加了 3.7 倍,IgA 增加了 1.4 倍,证实了该受试者在接种第 2 剂后 2 周内的疫苗免疫原性。第 2 剂接种后 12 周,特异性血浆 IgG 仍比基线高 1.2-1.7 倍,而 IgA 则恢复到基线水平。值得注意的是,牛奶反应表现出独特的动力学,尤其是 IgA。服用第 2 剂后 2 周,牛奶中针对所有三种抗原的 IgA 增加了 0.9 至 2.2 倍,服用第 2 剂后 12 周,滴度达到峰值,增加了 1.1 至 2.7 倍。分泌型(s)抗体水平在服药 2 周后增加到 1.1-2 倍,并在服药 12 周后达到 2-3.2 倍的峰值。重要的是,牛奶中的 IgA 和 sAb 反应具有相关性,这表明大多数牛奶 IgA 是 sIgA。值得注意的是,牛奶样本中未检测到疫苗成分(VACV 蛋白或 DNA)。结论这些数据表明,牛奶对这种基于 VACV 的皮内(ID)疫苗的 Ab 反应与全身观察到的反应不同,表明这是一种独特的粘膜免疫反应,并突出了其诱导保护性长效 sIgA 的潜力。本病例报告为今后将这种疫苗平台纳入旨在引起保护性乳汁抗体反应的母体疫苗研究提供了有力证据。
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来源期刊
Breastfeeding Medicine
Breastfeeding Medicine OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY-PEDIATRICS
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
11.10%
发文量
130
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Breastfeeding Medicine provides unparalleled peer-reviewed research, protocols, and clinical applications to ensure optimal care for mother and infant. The Journal answers the growing demand for evidence-based research and explores the immediate and long-term outcomes of breastfeeding, including its epidemiologic, physiologic, and psychological benefits. It is the exclusive source of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine protocols. Breastfeeding Medicine coverage includes: Breastfeeding recommendations and protocols Health consequences of artificial feeding Physiology of lactation and biochemistry of breast milk Optimal nutrition for the breastfeeding mother Breastfeeding indications and contraindications Managing breastfeeding discomfort, pain, and other complications Breastfeeding the premature or sick infant Breastfeeding in the chronically ill mother Management of the breastfeeding mother on medication Infectious disease transmission through breast milk and breastfeeding The collection and storage of human milk and human milk banking Measuring the impact of being a “baby-friendly” hospital Cultural competence and cultural sensitivity International public health issues including social and economic issues.
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