Functional effects of subsidies and stressors on benthic microbial communities along freshwater to marine gradients

IF 4.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Ecology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1002/ecy.4427
Kenneth J. Anderson, John S. Kominoski, Chang Jae Choi, Ulrich Stingl
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Leaf litter in coastal wetlands lays the foundation for carbon storage, and the creation of coastal wetland soils. As climate change alters the biogeochemical conditions and macrophyte composition of coastal wetlands, a better understanding of the interactions between microbial communities, changing chemistry, and leaf litter is required to understand the dynamics of coastal litter breakdown in changing wetlands. Coastal wetlands are dynamic systems with shifting biogeochemical conditions, with both tidal and seasonal redox fluctuations, and marine subsidies to inland habitats. Here, we investigated gene expression associated with various microbial redox pathways to understand how changing conditions are affecting the benthic microbial communities responsible for litter breakdown in coastal wetlands. We performed a reciprocal transplant of leaf litter from four distinct plant species along freshwater-to-marine gradients in the Florida Coastal Everglades, tracking changes in environmental and litter biogeochemistry, as well as benthic microbial gene expression associated with varying redox conditions, carbon degradation, and phosphorus acquisition. Early litter breakdown varied primarily by species, with highest breakdown in coastal species, regardless of the site they were at during breakdown, while microbial gene expression showed a strong seasonal relationship between sulfate cycling and salinity, and was not correlated with breakdown rates. The effect of salinity is likely a combination of direct effects, and indirect effects from associated marine subsidies. We found a positive correlation between sulfate uptake and salinity during January with higher freshwater inputs to coastal areas. However, we found a peak of dissimilatory sulfate reduction at intermediate salinity during April when freshwater inputs to coastal sites are lower. The combination of these two results suggests that sulfate acquisition is limiting to microbes when freshwater inputs are high, but that when marine influence increases and sulfate becomes more available, dissimilatory sulfate reduction becomes a key microbial process. As marine influence in coastal wetlands increases with climate change, our study suggests that sulfate dynamics will become increasingly important to microbial communities colonizing decomposing leaf litter.

Abstract Image

补贴和压力因素对淡水-海洋梯度底栖微生物群落的功能影响
沿岸湿地的落叶为碳储存和沿岸湿地土壤的形成奠定了基础。由于气候变化改变了沿岸湿地的生物地球化学条件和大型植物组成,因此需要更好地了解微生物群落、化学变化和落叶之间的相互作用,以了解沿岸落叶在不断变化的湿地中的分解动态。沿海湿地是一个动态系统,其生物地球化学条件不断变化,既有潮汐和季节性氧化还原波动,又有海洋对内陆栖息地的补贴。在此,我们研究了与各种微生物氧化还原途径相关的基因表达,以了解不断变化的条件如何影响负责沿海湿地垃圾分解的底栖微生物群落。我们在佛罗里达沿海大沼泽地沿淡水到海洋梯度对四种不同植物的落叶进行了相互移植,跟踪环境和落叶生物地球化学的变化,以及与不同氧化还原条件、碳降解和磷获取相关的底栖微生物基因表达。早期垃圾分解主要因物种而异,沿海物种的分解率最高,与分解时所处的地点无关,而微生物基因表达与硫酸盐循环和盐度之间有很强的季节关系,与分解率无关。盐度的影响可能是直接影响和相关海洋补贴的间接影响的综合结果。我们发现,在沿海地区淡水输入较多的 1 月份,硫酸盐吸收量与盐度呈正相关。然而,我们发现,在沿岸地区淡水输入量较低的 4 月份,中等盐度的硫酸盐异嗜还原达到高峰。这两个结果表明,当淡水输入量较高时,硫酸盐的获取对微生物是一种限制,但当海洋影响增大,硫酸盐的可利用性增加时,硫酸盐的异嗜性还原就成为一种关键的微生物过程。随着气候变化,海洋对沿海湿地的影响也在增加,我们的研究表明,硫酸盐动态对分解落叶的微生物群落将变得越来越重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Ecology
Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
2.10%
发文量
332
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Ecology publishes articles that report on the basic elements of ecological research. Emphasis is placed on concise, clear articles documenting important ecological phenomena. The journal publishes a broad array of research that includes a rapidly expanding envelope of subject matter, techniques, approaches, and concepts: paleoecology through present-day phenomena; evolutionary, population, physiological, community, and ecosystem ecology, as well as biogeochemistry; inclusive of descriptive, comparative, experimental, mathematical, statistical, and interdisciplinary approaches.
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