Mathematical analysis of soliton solutions in space-time fractional Klein-Gordon model with generalized exponential rational function method

Abstract

In this article, we investigate the space-time Klein-Gordon (KG) model, a significant framework in quantum field theory and quantum mechanics, which also describes phenomena such as wave propagation in crystal dislocations. This model is particularly important in high-energy particle physics. The novelty of this article is to examine the sufficient, useful in optical fibers, and further general soliton solutions of the nonlinear KG model using the generalized exponential rational function method (GERFM), which do not exist in the recent literature. The fractional complex wave transformation is utilized to turn the model into a nonlinear form, and the accuracy of the acquired solutions is confirmed by reintroducing them into the original models using Mathematica. The obtained solutions are expressed in hyperbolic, exponential, rational, and trigonometric forms. We elucidate the fractional effects for specific parameter values, accompanied by illustrative figures. Our results demonstrate that GERFM is effective, powerful, and versatile, providing exact traveling wave solutions for various nonlinear models in engineering and mathematical physics. Our findings reveal that the characteristics of soliton-shaped waves in both three-dimensional and two-dimensional contexts are profoundly influenced by fractional order derivative. This study advances the understanding of nonlinear wave dynamics and offers a robust method for solving complex physical models.