Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy on young and middle-aged patients with erectile dysfunction responsive to PDE5Is: reducing the use of PDE5Is.

Abstract

Background: Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) is a new method for treating erectile dysfunction (ED), but there are no standards yet for its indications.

Aim: The study aimed to suggest the early clinical efficacy of Li-ESWT and explore its related factors in young and middle-aged patients with ED who responded to phosphodiesterase type 5 Inhibitors (PDE5Is).

Methods: Data from 61 patients with ED who had previously responded to oral PDE5Is and subsequently underwent Li-ESWT were collected. This included information on age, body mass index, total testicular volume, sex hormones, as well as IIEF-EF scores before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. The treatment regimen involves a weekly session for four consecutive weeks, with each session administering 5000 shock wave pulses. Linear regression analysis was utilized to identify factors associated with the efficacy of Li-ESWT treatment. Additionally, the improvement in different severity groups of ED before and after treatment, along with their IIEF-EF scores, was compared.

Outcomes: Li-ESWT was more targeted and effective for young and middle-aged patients with erectile dysfunction who responded to PDE5Is.

Results: The age of enrolled patients ranges from 22 to 53 years old, and the IIEF-EF scores at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment were compared to baseline for efficacy assessment, showing significant improvements (P < .0001) in all instances. Linear regression analysis using baseline data revealed predictive factors associated with treatment efficacy: treatment efficacy was negatively correlated with baseline IIEF-EF scores (t = -2.599, P = .013) and positively correlated with baseline LH levels (t = 2.170, P = .036).

Clinical implications: Given the considerable cost of Li-ESWT treatment and the emphasis on treatment continuity, we hope to identify the most suitable candidates for Li-ESWT therapy, thereby optimizing its application.

Strengths and limitations: Our findings provide a better solution for nonelderly ED patients who are responsive to PDE5Is. This study was limited by our sample size and follow-up time.

Conclusion: After 3 months of Li-ESWT, the IIEF-EF score gradually stabilizes and short-term maintenance of PDE5Is medication increases the responsiveness to shock wave therapy.