{"title":"Capsaicin Improves Systemic Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Macrophage-Derived Foam Cells by Stimulating PPAR Gamma and TRPV1 Receptors.","authors":"Danielle Lima Ávila, Weslley Fernandes-Braga, Janayne Luihan Silva, Elandia Aparecida Santos, Gianne Campos, Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio, Luciano Santos Aggum Capettini, Edenil Costa Aguilar, Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite","doi":"10.3390/nu16183167","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Capsaicin, a bioactive compound found in peppers, is recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-lipidemic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of capsaicin on atherosclerosis progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Apolipoprotein E knockout mice and their C57BL/6 controls were utilized to assess blood lipid profile, inflammatory status, and atherosclerotic lesions. We also examined the influence of capsaicin on cholesterol influx and efflux, and the role of TRPV1 and PPARγ signaling pathways in bone marrow-derived macrophages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Capsaicin treatment reduced weight gain, visceral adiposity, blood triglycerides, and total and non-HDL cholesterol. These improvements were associated with a reduction in atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and carotid. Capsaicin also improved hepatic oxidative and inflammatory status. Systemic inflammation was also reduced, as indicated by reduced leukocyte rolling and adhesion on the mesenteric plexus. Capsaicin decreased foam cell formation by reducing cholesterol influx through scavenger receptor A and increasing cholesterol efflux via ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, an effect primarily linked to TRPV1 activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the potential of capsaicin as a promising agent for atherosclerosis prevention, highlighting its comprehensive role in modulating lipid metabolism, foam cell formation, and inflammatory responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435000/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nutrients","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183167","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Capsaicin, a bioactive compound found in peppers, is recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-lipidemic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of capsaicin on atherosclerosis progression.
Methods: Apolipoprotein E knockout mice and their C57BL/6 controls were utilized to assess blood lipid profile, inflammatory status, and atherosclerotic lesions. We also examined the influence of capsaicin on cholesterol influx and efflux, and the role of TRPV1 and PPARγ signaling pathways in bone marrow-derived macrophages.
Results: Capsaicin treatment reduced weight gain, visceral adiposity, blood triglycerides, and total and non-HDL cholesterol. These improvements were associated with a reduction in atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and carotid. Capsaicin also improved hepatic oxidative and inflammatory status. Systemic inflammation was also reduced, as indicated by reduced leukocyte rolling and adhesion on the mesenteric plexus. Capsaicin decreased foam cell formation by reducing cholesterol influx through scavenger receptor A and increasing cholesterol efflux via ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, an effect primarily linked to TRPV1 activation.
Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of capsaicin as a promising agent for atherosclerosis prevention, highlighting its comprehensive role in modulating lipid metabolism, foam cell formation, and inflammatory responses.
背景:辣椒素是辣椒中的一种生物活性化合物,具有抗炎、抗氧化和降血脂的作用。本研究旨在评估辣椒素对动脉粥样硬化进展的影响:方法:利用载脂蛋白 E 基因敲除小鼠及其 C57BL/6 对照组评估血脂状况、炎症状态和动脉粥样硬化病变。我们还研究了辣椒素对胆固醇流入和流出的影响,以及TRPV1和PPARγ信号通路在骨髓巨噬细胞中的作用:结果:辣椒素治疗降低了体重增加、内脏脂肪含量、血液甘油三酯以及总胆固醇和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。这些改善与主动脉和颈动脉粥样硬化病变的减少有关。辣椒素还能改善肝脏氧化和炎症状态。白细胞在肠系膜神经丛上的滚动和粘附减少,表明全身炎症也有所减轻。辣椒素通过清道夫受体 A 减少胆固醇流入,通过 ATP 结合盒转运体 A1 增加胆固醇流出,从而减少了泡沫细胞的形成:这些发现强调了辣椒素作为预防动脉粥样硬化药物的潜力,突出了它在调节脂质代谢、泡沫细胞形成和炎症反应方面的综合作用。
期刊介绍:
Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) is an international, peer-reviewed open access advanced forum for studies related to Human Nutrition. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.