Neurotoxin-Derived Optical Probes for Elucidating Molecular and Developmental Biology of Neurons and Synaptic Connections. Toxin-Derived Optical Probes for Neuroimaging.

IF 3 4区医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING

Molecular Imaging and Biology Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1007/s11307-024-01954-6

Rohini Bijjam, Susan Shorter, Alison M Bratt, Valerie B O'Leary, Vasilis Ntziachristos, Saak Victor Ovsepian

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus toxin (TeTX) are the deadliest biological substances that cause botulism and tetanus, respectively. Their astonishing potency and capacity to enter neurons and interfere with neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals have attracted much interest in experimental neurobiology and clinical research. Fused with reporter proteins or labelled with fluorophores, BoNTs and TeTX and their non-toxic fragments also offer remarkable opportunities to visualize cellular processes and functions in neurons and synaptic connections. This study presents the state-of-the-art optical probes derived from BoNTs and TeTX and discusses their applications in molecular and synaptic biology and neurodevelopmental research. It reviews the principles of the design and production of probes, revisits their applications with advantages and limitations and considers prospects for future improvements. The versatile characteristics of discussed probes and reporters make them an integral part of the expanding toolkit for molecular neuroimaging, promoting the discovery process in neurobiology and translational neurosciences.

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用于阐明神经元和突触连接的分子和发育生物学的神经毒素衍生光学探针：用于神经成像的毒素衍生光学探针。

肉毒杆菌神经毒素（BoNTs）和破伤风毒素（TeTX）分别是导致肉毒中毒和破伤风的最致命生物物质。它们具有惊人的效力和能力，能够进入神经元并干扰突触前终端的神经递质释放，因此引起了实验神经生物学和临床研究的极大兴趣。BoNTs和TeTX及其无毒片段与报告蛋白融合或用荧光团标记，也为可视化神经元和突触连接中的细胞过程和功能提供了难得的机会。本研究介绍了从 BoNTs 和 TeTX 提取的最先进的光学探针，并讨论了它们在分子和突触生物学以及神经发育研究中的应用。研究回顾了探针的设计和生产原理，重新审视了它们在应用中的优势和局限性，并展望了未来改进的前景。所讨论的探针和报告器的多功能特性使它们成为不断扩展的分子神经成像工具包的组成部分，促进了神经生物学和转化神经科学的发现过程。

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来源期刊

Molecular Imaging and Biology 医学-核医学

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

3.20%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Imaging and Biology (MIB) invites original contributions (research articles, review articles, commentaries, etc.) on the utilization of molecular imaging (i.e., nuclear imaging, optical imaging, autoradiography and pathology, MRI, MPI, ultrasound imaging, radiomics/genomics etc.) to investigate questions related to biology and health. The objective of MIB is to provide a forum to the discovery of molecular mechanisms of disease through the use of imaging techniques. We aim to investigate the biological nature of disease in patients and establish new molecular imaging diagnostic and therapy procedures. Some areas that are covered are: Preclinical and clinical imaging of macromolecular targets (e.g., genes, receptors, enzymes) involved in significant biological processes. The design, characterization, and study of new molecular imaging probes and contrast agents for the functional interrogation of macromolecular targets. Development and evaluation of imaging systems including instrumentation, image reconstruction algorithms, image analysis, and display. Development of molecular assay approaches leading to quantification of the biological information obtained in molecular imaging. Study of in vivo animal models of disease for the development of new molecular diagnostics and therapeutics. Extension of in vitro and in vivo discoveries using disease models, into well designed clinical research investigations. Clinical molecular imaging involving clinical investigations, clinical trials and medical management or cost-effectiveness studies.