Cardiovascular adaptations and pathological changes induced by spaceflight: from cellular mechanisms to organ-level impacts.

IF 16.7 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Han Han, Hao Jia, Yi-Fan Wang, Jiang-Ping Song
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Abstract

The advancement in extraterrestrial exploration has highlighted the crucial need for studying how the human cardiovascular system adapts to space conditions. Human development occurs under the influence of gravity, shielded from space radiation by Earth's magnetic field, and within an environment characterized by 24-hour day-night cycles resulting from Earth's rotation, thus deviating from these conditions necessitates adaptive responses for survival. With upcoming manned lunar and Martian missions approaching rapidly, it is essential to understand the impact of various stressors induced by outer-space environments on cardiovascular health. This comprehensive review integrates insights from both actual space missions and simulated experiments on Earth, to analyze how microgravity, space radiation, and disrupted circadian affect cardiovascular well-being. Prolonged exposure to microgravity induces myocardial atrophy and endothelial dysfunction, which may be exacerbated by space radiation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress emerge as key underlying mechanisms along with disturbances in ion channel perturbations, cytoskeletal damage, and myofibril changes. Disruptions in circadian rhythms caused by factors such as microgravity, light exposure, and irregular work schedules, could further exacerbate cardiovascular issues. However, current research tends to predominantly focus on disruptions in the core clock gene, overlooking the multifactorial nature of circadian rhythm disturbances in space. Future space missions should prioritize targeted prevention strategies and early detection methods for identifying cardiovascular risks, to preserve astronaut health and ensure mission success.

太空飞行引起的心血管适应和病理变化:从细胞机制到器官层面的影响。
地外探索的进展凸显了研究人类心血管系统如何适应太空条件的迫切需要。人类是在重力影响下发育的,地球磁场屏蔽了太空辐射,地球自转导致 24 小时昼夜循环,因此偏离这些条件必须做出适应性反应才能生存。随着即将到来的载人登月和火星任务的迅速逼近,了解外太空环境诱发的各种压力源对心血管健康的影响至关重要。本综述综合了实际太空任务和地球模拟实验的见解,分析了微重力、太空辐射和昼夜节律紊乱如何影响心血管健康。长期暴露在微重力环境中会诱发心肌萎缩和内皮功能障碍,而太空辐射可能会加剧这种情况。线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激以及离子通道扰动、细胞骨架损伤和肌纤维变化是关键的潜在机制。微重力、光照和不规律的工作时间等因素造成的昼夜节律紊乱可能会进一步加剧心血管问题。然而,目前的研究往往主要集中在核心时钟基因的干扰上,忽略了太空中昼夜节律紊乱的多因素性质。未来的太空任务应优先考虑有针对性的预防策略和识别心血管风险的早期检测方法,以保护宇航员的健康,确保任务的成功。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Military Medical Research
Military Medical Research Medicine-General Medicine
CiteScore
38.40
自引率
2.80%
发文量
485
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: Military Medical Research is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that aims to share the most up-to-date evidence and innovative discoveries in a wide range of fields, including basic and clinical sciences, translational research, precision medicine, emerging interdisciplinary subjects, and advanced technologies. Our primary focus is on modern military medicine; however, we also encourage submissions from other related areas. This includes, but is not limited to, basic medical research with the potential for translation into practice, as well as clinical research that could impact medical care both in times of warfare and during peacetime military operations.
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