Olezarsen and Plozasiran in Dyslipidemia Management: A Narrative Review of Clinical Trials.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are a worldwide known cause of mortality, often due to dyslipidemia and other modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Rare genetic conditions such as familial chylomicronemia are underdiagnosed and mismanaged. Traditional lipid-lowering therapies, such as statins, often have limitations, such as adverse effects and suboptimal lipid control in certain patient populations. Olezarsen and Plozasiran, as emerging therapies, offer potential benefits by targeting specific pathways involved in lipid metabolism. The asymptomatic presentation and high mortality rate warrant novel agents that can manage dyslipidemia. In this article, olezarsen and plozasiran are thoroughly reviewed. From clinical trials, plozasiran significantly improved non-HDL cholesterol levels, highlighting its comprehensive lipid-modifying effects. Olezarsen also demonstrated remarkable efficacy in reducing fasting triglycerides from baseline levels. Utilizing these medications for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases can significantly reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease and its complications. The review discusses the therapeutic effects of Olezarsen and Plozasiran in managing dyslipidemia, especially familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS). While traditional treatments like lifestyle modifications and statins are common, novel antisense oligonucleotides such as Olezarsen and Plozasiran have significant modulatory effects on apolipoproteins, disrupting specific genes involved in lipid metabolism.