Heterogating Gel Iontronics: A Revolution in Biointerfaces and Ion Signal Transmission.

Abstract

Currently, existing iontronic systems are limited and struggle to process electronic-to-multi-ionic transport, resulting in interchange inefficiencies and incompatibilities between artificial ion devices and biological tissue interfaces. The development of heterogating gel iontronics offers a significant advancement in bridging this gap, drawing inspiration from the complex ionic transmission mechanisms found in biological synapses within neural networks. These heterogating gels utilize a biphasic architecture, where the heterointerface effect constructs ionic transfer energy barriers, enabling distinct signal transmission among different ions. In systems with multiple ion species, heterogating gel iontronics allow for precise control of ion transmission, realizing hierarchical and selective cross-stage signal transmission as a neuromorphic function. This perspective highlights the vast potential of heterogating iontronics in applications such as biosensing, neuroprosthetics, and ion separation technologies. Meanwhile, it also addresses the current challenges, including scaling production, ensuring biocompatibility, and integrating with existing technologies, which are crucial for future development. The advancement of heterogating gels is expected to promote the integration between abiotic and biotic systems, with broad implications for smart sensors, bioneural devices, and beyond.