{"title":"Position statement of Italian Society of Obesity (SIO): Gestational Obesity.","authors":"Luigi Barrea, Stefania Camastra, Silvia Garelli, Valeria Guglielmi, Melania Manco, Fernanda Velluzzi, Rocco Barazzoni, Ludovica Verde, Giovanna Muscogiuri","doi":"10.1007/s40519-024-01688-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Gestational obesity (GO) presents a multifaceted challenge to maternal and fetal health, with an escalating prevalence and far-reaching consequences extending beyond pregnancy. This perspective statement by the Italian Society of Obesity (SIO) provides current insights into the diagnosis, maternal and fetal impacts, and treatment strategies for managing this pressing condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article provides a comprehensive review of the maternal and fetal effects of GO and provides suggestions on strategies for management. Comprehensive review was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diagnosis of GO primarily relies on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), although standardized criteria remain contentious. Anthropometric measures and body composition assessments offer valuable insights into the metabolic implications of GO. Women with GO are predisposed to several health complications, which are attributed to mechanisms such as inflammation and insulin resistance. Offspring of women with GO face heightened risks of perinatal complications and long-term metabolic disorders, indicating intergenerational transmission of obesity-related effects. While nutritional interventions are a cornerstone of management, their efficacy in mitigating complications warrants further investigation. Additionally, while pharmacological interventions have been explored in other contexts, evidence on their safety and efficacy specifically for GO remains lacking, necessitating further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GO significantly impacts maternal and fetal health, contributing to both immediate and long-term complications. Effective management requires a multifaceted approach, including precise diagnostic criteria, personalized nutritional interventions, and potential pharmacological treatments. These findings underscore the need for individualized care strategies and further research to optimize outcomes for mothers and their offspring are needed. Enhanced understanding and management of GO can help mitigate its intergenerational effects, improving public health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level V narrative review.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436444/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-024-01688-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: Gestational obesity (GO) presents a multifaceted challenge to maternal and fetal health, with an escalating prevalence and far-reaching consequences extending beyond pregnancy. This perspective statement by the Italian Society of Obesity (SIO) provides current insights into the diagnosis, maternal and fetal impacts, and treatment strategies for managing this pressing condition.
Methods: This article provides a comprehensive review of the maternal and fetal effects of GO and provides suggestions on strategies for management. Comprehensive review was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases.
Results: The diagnosis of GO primarily relies on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), although standardized criteria remain contentious. Anthropometric measures and body composition assessments offer valuable insights into the metabolic implications of GO. Women with GO are predisposed to several health complications, which are attributed to mechanisms such as inflammation and insulin resistance. Offspring of women with GO face heightened risks of perinatal complications and long-term metabolic disorders, indicating intergenerational transmission of obesity-related effects. While nutritional interventions are a cornerstone of management, their efficacy in mitigating complications warrants further investigation. Additionally, while pharmacological interventions have been explored in other contexts, evidence on their safety and efficacy specifically for GO remains lacking, necessitating further investigation.
Conclusion: GO significantly impacts maternal and fetal health, contributing to both immediate and long-term complications. Effective management requires a multifaceted approach, including precise diagnostic criteria, personalized nutritional interventions, and potential pharmacological treatments. These findings underscore the need for individualized care strategies and further research to optimize outcomes for mothers and their offspring are needed. Enhanced understanding and management of GO can help mitigate its intergenerational effects, improving public health outcomes.
目的:妊娠期肥胖症(GO)对孕产妇和胎儿的健康提出了多方面的挑战,其发病率不断攀升,并在妊娠期后产生了深远的影响。意大利肥胖症协会(SIO)发表的这篇观点声明就这一紧迫问题的诊断、对母体和胎儿的影响以及治疗策略提供了最新见解:本文全面综述了 GO 对母体和胎儿的影响,并就治疗策略提出了建议。本文使用 MEDLINE/PubMed、CINAHL、EMBASE 和 Cochrane Library 数据库进行了全面综述:GO的诊断主要依据孕前体重指数(BMI),尽管标准化标准仍存在争议。人体测量和身体成分评估为了解 GO 的代谢影响提供了宝贵的信息。患有 GO 的女性容易出现多种健康并发症,这些并发症是由炎症和胰岛素抵抗等机制造成的。肥胖症妇女的后代面临围产期并发症和长期代谢紊乱的更高风险,这表明肥胖相关影响会代代相传。虽然营养干预是治疗的基石,但其在减轻并发症方面的效果还需要进一步研究。此外,虽然在其他情况下也探索过药物干预,但仍缺乏专门针对 GO 的安全性和有效性的证据,因此有必要进行进一步研究:GO严重影响产妇和胎儿的健康,导致近期和远期并发症。有效的治疗需要多方面的方法,包括精确的诊断标准、个性化的营养干预和潜在的药物治疗。这些发现强调了个体化护理策略的必要性,需要进一步开展研究,以优化母亲及其后代的预后。加强对 GO 的了解和管理有助于减轻其对下一代的影响,从而改善公共卫生成果:五级叙述性综述。
期刊介绍:
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity is a scientific journal whose main purpose is to create an international forum devoted to the several sectors of eating disorders and obesity and the significant relations between them. The journal publishes basic research, clinical and theoretical articles on eating disorders and weight-related problems: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, subthreshold eating disorders, obesity, atypical patterns of eating behaviour and body weight regulation in clinical and non-clinical populations.