Association between domestic animal exposure and diarrhea prevalence in under- five children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Atalay Getachew, Mesafint Molla, Amha Admasie, Muluken Azage Yenesew
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Abstract

Background: Diarrheal disease is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, despite significant progress in diarrhea interventions. Zoonotic transmission is the main cause of the emergence and re-emergence of diseases. Domestic animals are often close to humans, particularly in resource-poor countries. Despite evidence of environmental contamination, there have been limited studies conducted to examine the association between domestic animal exposure and diarrheal disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis examines the association between domestic animal exposure and diarrheal disease in children under five years of age in LMIC.

Methods: The search strategy followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews. All appropriate databases were searched to find relevant articles. Research studies were selected for review if they reported an outcome variable that measured diarrhea and exposure variables of any domestic animals. A data extraction form was used to extract information from each study. The quality of the individual articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI's) critical appraisal tools. Publication bias was checked using a funnel plot, Egger's regression test, and Begg's test. The heterogeneity of studies was checked using the Galbraith plot and the I-squared test. A sensitivity analysis was conducted, and a meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 17.

Results: After reviewing 113 articles, 11 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria hence considered for meta-analysis. The finding of these 11 studies revealed that study participants who had animal exposure had 1.95 higher odds of diarrhea as compared to participants who hadn't animal exposure (OR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.66).

Conclusions and recommendations: This study reported that diarrheal disease was associated with study subjects who had domestic animal exposure. Therefore, more comprehensive research is needed on specific behaviors and interventions surrounding animal husbandry that may affect the transmission of pathogens between animals and humans; this would facilitate the design and implementation of measures to reduce animal exposure in the domestic environment.

中低收入国家五岁以下儿童接触家畜与腹泻发病率之间的关系:系统回顾与荟萃分析。
背景:尽管腹泻干预措施取得了重大进展,但腹泻疾病仍然是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。人畜共患病传播是疾病出现和再次出现的主要原因。家畜通常与人类接近,尤其是在资源匮乏的国家。尽管有证据表明存在环境污染,但对中低收入国家(LMIC)家畜接触与腹泻疾病之间关系的研究却十分有限。因此,本系统综述和荟萃分析研究了中低收入国家五岁以下儿童接触家畜与腹泻疾病之间的关系:方法:搜索策略遵循 PRISMA(系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)系统综述报告指南。搜索了所有适当的数据库,以找到相关文章。如果研究报告的结果变量是测量腹泻和任何家养动物的暴露变量,则选取这些研究报告进行综述。使用数据提取表提取每项研究的信息。采用乔安娜-布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI)的批判性评估工具对每篇文章的质量进行评估。使用漏斗图、Egger 回归检验和 Begg 检验检查发表偏倚。使用 Galbraith 图和 I 平方检验检查研究的异质性。进行了敏感性分析,并使用 STATA 17 进行了荟萃分析:在审查了 113 篇文章后,有 11 篇文章符合纳入标准,因此被考虑进行荟萃分析。这 11 项研究的结果显示,与未接触动物的参与者相比,接触过动物的参与者患腹泻的几率要高出 1.95(OR:1.95,95%CI:1.25,2.66):本研究报告指出,腹泻疾病与接触过家畜的研究对象有关。因此,需要对畜牧业中可能影响病原体在动物和人类之间传播的具体行为和干预措施进行更全面的研究;这将有助于设计和实施减少家庭环境中动物接触的措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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