A retrospective study of the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel versus aspirin monotherapy one year after coronary stent implantation.

Abstract

Background: The ideal single antiplatelet therapy for long-term maintenance after coronary stenting remains uncertain. In a head-to-head comparison, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of aspirin and clopidogrel as monotherapies in this patient cohort.

Method: We reviewed 1044 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, between January 2019 and December 2021 and completed a 12-month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) treatment. They were divided into two groups: 582 were assigned to the aspirin group (100 mg/day) and 422 to the clopidogrel group (75 mg/day). The primary endpoint was the composite cardiac death, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleeding type 3 or greater. Secondary endpoint events included all-cause death, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, bleeding (defined as a BARC type ≥ 2 bleeding), and gastrointestinal complications.

Results: After a mean observation period of 25 ± 8.4 months, the primary endpoint event occurred in 29 (6.8%) patients in the clopidogrel group and 30 (5.1%) in the aspirin group, with no difference between the two groups (P = 0.253). In BARC type 2 or greater bleeding events, there were 9 (1.5%) in the aspirin group compared to 7 (1.7%) in the clopidogrel group, with no difference between the two groups (P = 0.160).

Conclusion: After 12-month DAPT in Chinese patients undergoing DES implantation, aspirin monotherapy versus clopidogrel monotherapy showed no significant difference between the two drugs in terms of safety and efficacy in terms of hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiac death, and bleeding with BARC type 2 or greater.