Probiotic strategies for mitigating heat stress effects on broiler chicken performance

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of liquid (Fructose-added lactic acid bacteria, F-LAB) and commercial (Commercial LAB, C-LAB) probiotics sourced from Rye-Grass Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) on broiler chickens experiencing heat stress (HS). The research involved 240 broiler chicks, divided into six groups: control, F-LAB, C-LAB (raised at 24 °C), HS, F-LAB/HS, and C-LAB/HS (exposed to 5–7 h of 34–36 °C daily). The study followed a randomized complete block design, with each group consisting of 40 chicks. F-LAB and HS/F-LAB groups received a natural probiotic added to their drinking water at a rate of 0.5 ml/L, while C-LAB and HS/C-LAB groups were supplemented with a commercial probiotic at the same dosage. Control and HS groups received no probiotic supplementation. The duration of the study was 42 days, with data collected on growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and health parameters. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA, and significant differences between groups were determined using post hoc tests. The results revealed that without probiotic supplementation, heat stress led to a decrease in body weight gain, T3 levels, citrulline, and growth hormone levels, along with an increase in the feed conversion ratio, serum corticosterone, HSP70, ALT, AST, and leptin levels (p < 0.05 for all). Heat stress also adversely affected cecal microbiota, reducing lactic acid bacteria count (LABC) while increasing Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria (CBC) counts. However, in the groups receiving probiotic supplementation under heat stress (F-LAB/HS and C-LAB/HS), these effects were alleviated (p < 0.05 for all). Particularly noteworthy was the observation that broiler chickens supplemented with natural lactic acid bacteria (F-LAB) exhibited greater resilience to heat stress compared to those receiving the commercial probiotic, as evidenced by improvements in growth, liver function, hormonal balance, intestinal health, and cecal microbiome ecology (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the supplementation of naturally sourced probiotics (F-LAB) may positively impact the intestinal health of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress, potentially supporting growth and health parameters.

Graphical abstract