{"title":"Complementarity of two-dimensional gas chromatography and two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the analysis of depolymerised lignin","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465401","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) and two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) are nowadays widely used in academia and industry due to their high separation power. However, as far as we know, the complementarity of these two techniques has not yet been thoroughly studied based on the analysis of the same sample. Therefore, this was undertaken here by analysing the liquid fraction obtained after depolymerising a natural waste – lignin – with GC × GC and off-line comprehensive LC × SFC (SFC: supercritical fluid chromatography). Using complementary techniques is also important for lignin valorisation, as thorough structural characterisation of the depolymerised product can aid with developing and improving valorisation processes. For the tentative identification, NIST library was used for GC × GC–MS results and MS-DIAL together with SIRIUS for LC × SFC-MS/MS data. This allowed to study which compounds are detectable with the different 2D methods but also to discuss the limitations of the data analysis processes. The previous knowledge that LC techniques are more suitable than GC × GC for the analysis of larger oligomers and other low volatility compounds was confirmed; however, it was seen that GC × GC enabled the analysis of smaller compounds, such as aliphatic alcohols and saturated compounds. Overall, the study demonstrates the complementarity of the two techniques but also draws attention to the different detectable compound groups and classifications that the two techniques can provide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Chromatography A","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324007751","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) and two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) are nowadays widely used in academia and industry due to their high separation power. However, as far as we know, the complementarity of these two techniques has not yet been thoroughly studied based on the analysis of the same sample. Therefore, this was undertaken here by analysing the liquid fraction obtained after depolymerising a natural waste – lignin – with GC × GC and off-line comprehensive LC × SFC (SFC: supercritical fluid chromatography). Using complementary techniques is also important for lignin valorisation, as thorough structural characterisation of the depolymerised product can aid with developing and improving valorisation processes. For the tentative identification, NIST library was used for GC × GC–MS results and MS-DIAL together with SIRIUS for LC × SFC-MS/MS data. This allowed to study which compounds are detectable with the different 2D methods but also to discuss the limitations of the data analysis processes. The previous knowledge that LC techniques are more suitable than GC × GC for the analysis of larger oligomers and other low volatility compounds was confirmed; however, it was seen that GC × GC enabled the analysis of smaller compounds, such as aliphatic alcohols and saturated compounds. Overall, the study demonstrates the complementarity of the two techniques but also draws attention to the different detectable compound groups and classifications that the two techniques can provide.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Chromatography A provides a forum for the publication of original research and critical reviews on all aspects of fundamental and applied separation science. The scope of the journal includes chromatography and related techniques, electromigration techniques (e.g. electrophoresis, electrochromatography), hyphenated and other multi-dimensional techniques, sample preparation, and detection methods such as mass spectrometry. Contributions consist mainly of research papers dealing with the theory of separation methods, instrumental developments and analytical and preparative applications of general interest.