The cadDX operon contributes to cadmium resistance, oxidative stress resistance, and virulence in zoonotic streptococci.

IF 3.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Xinchi Zhu, Zijing Liang, Jiale Ma, Jinhu Huang, Liping Wang, Huochun Yao, Zongfu Wu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) enable bacteria to acquire novel genes and traits. However, the functions of cargo genes within MGEs remain poorly understood. The cadmium resistance operon cadDX is present in many gram-positive bacteria. Although cadDX has been reported to be involved in metal detoxification, its regulatory mechanisms and functions in bacterial pathogenesis are poorly understood. This study revealed that cadDX contributes to cadmium resistance, oxidative stress resistance, and virulence in Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic pathogen in pigs and humans. CadX represses cadD expression by binding to the cadDX promoter. Notably, cadX responds to H2O2 stress through an additional promoter within the cadDX operon, mitigating the harmful effect of excessive cadD expression during oxidative stress. cadDX resides within an 11 K integrative and mobilizable element that can autonomously form circular structures. Moreover, cadDX is found in diverse MGEs, accounting for its widespread distribution across various bacteria, especially among pathogenic streptococci. Transferring cadDX into another zoonotic pathogen, Streptococcus agalactiae, results in similar phenotypes, including resistance to cadmium and oxidative stresses and increased virulence of S. agalactiae in mice. The new functions and regulatory mechanisms of cadDX shed light on the importance of the cadDX system in driving evolutionary adaptations and survival strategies across diverse gram-positive bacteria.

cadDX 操作子有助于提高人畜共患链球菌的抗镉、抗氧化压力和毒力。
移动遗传元件(MGE)使细菌能够获得新的基因和性状。然而,人们对 MGEs 中货物基因的功能仍然知之甚少。镉抗性操作子 cadDX 存在于许多革兰氏阳性细菌中。尽管有报道称 cadDX 参与了金属解毒,但人们对其在细菌致病过程中的调控机制和功能却知之甚少。本研究发现,cadDX 对猪链球菌(猪和人的重要人畜共患病原体)的抗镉性、抗氧化应激性和致病力有促进作用。CadX 通过与 cadDX 启动子结合来抑制 cadD 的表达。值得注意的是,cadX 通过 cadDX 操作子中的另一个启动子对 H2O2 应激做出反应,减轻了氧化应激期间 cadD 过度表达的有害影响。此外,cadDX 存在于不同的 MGE 中,因此它广泛分布于各种细菌中,尤其是致病链球菌中。将 cadDX 转入另一种人畜共患病病原体--无乳链球菌,会产生类似的表型,包括对镉和氧化应激的抗性,以及无乳链球菌对小鼠的毒力增强。cadDX的新功能和调控机制揭示了cadDX系统在推动不同革兰氏阳性细菌的进化适应和生存策略方面的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Veterinary Research
Veterinary Research 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.50%
发文量
92
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Veterinary Research is an open access journal that publishes high quality and novel research and review articles focusing on all aspects of infectious diseases and host-pathogen interaction in animals.
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