AN OUTBREAK OF EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII IN A BELGIAN TERTIARY BURN WOUND CENTER.

Abstract

The burn intensive care unit (ICU) of the Queen Astrid Military Hospital experienced an outbreak with an extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDR-Ab) strain, which began when all burn wound patients from all over Belgium were sent there as part of the national COVID-19 action plan. The purpose of this study is to report on the investigation and strategies that were implemented to contain the outbreak. Between October 2020 and May 2021, five of the 72 patients admitted to the ICU met the acute outbreak case definition (attack rate 7%). Their median age was 46 years and their median total body surface area burned was 39%. All patients developed at least one XDR-Ab infection, with in total three pulmonary, three bloodstream and five burn wound infections. One patient died. All XDR-Ab isolates were only susceptible to colistin. Whole genome sequencing of the isolates from the first two patients revealed an identical A. baumannii ST2 genotype, suggesting an outbreak. XDR-Ab-positive patients were cohorted with dedicated staff. The infection control team intensified its training on hand hygiene, excreta management and bio-cleaning procedures. Concurrently, 30 environmental samples were collected, which proved negative for XDR-Ab. Spatio-temporal associations were found for all XDR-Ab-positive patients, suggesting cross-transmission via staff's hands. We describe an XDR-Ab outbreak in a burn ICU over a seven-month period, in a context of increased workload. This series underlines the importance of a correct staff-to-patient ratio, especially in outbreak situations.