Are the EAT-Lancet dietary recommendations associated with cardiometabolic health? - insights from the Generation XXI cohort from childhood into early adolescence.

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.09.023

Beatriz Teixeira, Cláudia Afonso, Milton Severo, Andreia Oliveira

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The prospective effect of healthy and planetary diets on cardiometabolic health at young ages remains unclear.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the prospective associations between adherence to the EAT-Lancet dietary recommendations at age 7 and the prevalence of obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) at 7, 10, and 13 years old (y).

Methods: Participants are children from the Generation XXI birth cohort, who completed 3-day food diaries at age 7, with complete data in variables of interest (n 3564). Adherence to the EAT-Lancet dietary recommendations was evaluated using the World Index for Sustainability and Health (WISH); a higher score indicating a healthier and environmentally sustainable diet. At 7, 10 and 13y, anthropometrics (weight, height and waist circumference-WC), blood pressure (BP) and serum-fasting triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and glucose were measured. Obesity and MetS prevalence were determined by the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation criteria, respectively. Adjusted custom binomial log-linear models were used to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) (covariates: mother's age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes, child's sex, age, tanner stage, sports practice and total grams of the remaining food).

Results: From 7 to 13y, obesity decreased from 14.1% to 9.3% and MetS increased from 1.0% to 5.1%. Higher WISH scores at 7y were associated with a lower prevalence of obesity, measured by both BMI (≥97^th percentile: PR=0.912, 95%CI: 0.839,0.991; PR=0.882, 95%CI: 0.79,0.938, respectively at 10 and 13y) and WC (≥90^th percentile: PR=0.899, 95%CI: 0.830,0.974; PR=0.858, 95%CI:0.782,0.942, respectively at 10 and 13y). For each 10-point increase in the WISH, a reduction of 16% in MetS prevalence at 13y was observed (PR=0.837, 95%CI: 0.732,0.957). No significant effects were found at younger ages.

Conclusions: The adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet from an early age may help reduce cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence.

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EAT-Lancet 饮食建议与心脏代谢健康有关吗？- 从二十一世代队列中了解童年到青春期早期的情况。

背景：健康和合理膳食对青少年心血管代谢健康的前瞻性影响仍不清楚：本研究旨在调查 7 岁时遵守 EAT-Lancet 饮食建议与 7、10 和 13 岁时肥胖和代谢综合征（MetS）患病率之间的前瞻性关联：研究对象为 XXI 代出生队列中的儿童，他们在 7 岁时填写了 3 天的饮食日记，并提供了相关变量的完整数据（3564 人）。采用世界可持续性与健康指数（WISH）对EAT-Lancet膳食建议的遵守情况进行评估；得分越高，表明膳食越健康，环境可持续性越强。在 7、10 和 13 岁时，测量了人体测量指标（体重、身高和腰围-WC）、血压（BP）和血清空腹甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和葡萄糖。肥胖和 MetS 患病率分别根据世界卫生组织和国际糖尿病联合会的标准确定。使用调整后的自定义二项对数线性模型计算患病率比（PR）和相应的 95% 置信区间（95%CI）（协变量：母亲的年龄、教育程度、孕前体重指数、妊娠糖尿病、儿童的性别、年龄、发育阶段、体育锻炼和剩余食物的总克数）：结果：从 7 岁到 13 岁，肥胖率从 14.1%下降到 9.3%，MetS 从 1.0%上升到 5.1%。在 7y 年时，WISH 分数越高，肥胖发生率越低，以 BMI（≥97 百分位数：PR=0.912，95%CI：0.839,0.991；PR=0.在 10 岁和 13 岁时，体重指数（≥97 百分位数：PR=0.912，95%CI：0.839,0.991；在 10 岁和 13 岁时，PR=0.882，95%CI：0.79,0.938）和腹围（≥90 百分位数：PR=0.899，95%CI：0.830,0.974；在 10 岁和 13 岁时，PR=0.858，95%CI：0.782,0.942）分别为 0.991 和 0.938。WISH每增加 10 分，13 岁时 MetS 患病率就会降低 16%（PR=0.837，95%CI：0.732,0.957）。在更小的年龄段没有发现明显的影响：结论：从小坚持 EAT-Lancet 饮食有助于降低青少年早期的心脏代谢风险。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

12.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

332

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is recognized as the most highly rated peer-reviewed, primary research journal in nutrition and dietetics.It focuses on publishing the latest research on various topics in nutrition, including but not limited to obesity, vitamins and minerals, nutrition and disease, and energy metabolism. Purpose: The purpose of AJCN is to: Publish original research studies relevant to human and clinical nutrition. Consider well-controlled clinical studies describing scientific mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of dietary interventions in the context of disease prevention or health benefits. Encourage public health and epidemiologic studies relevant to human nutrition. Promote innovative investigations of nutritional questions employing epigenetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. Include solicited editorials, book reviews, solicited or unsolicited review articles, invited controversy position papers, and letters to the Editor related to prior AJCN articles. Peer Review Process: All submitted material with scientific content undergoes peer review by the Editors or their designees before acceptance for publication.