Protection of vaccine boosters and prior infection against mild/asymptomatic and moderate COVID-19 infection in the UK SIREN healthcare worker cohort: October 2023 to March 2024

IF 14.3 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106293

Peter D. Kirwan , Sarah Foulkes , Katie Munro , Dominic Sparkes , Jasleen Singh , Amanda Henry , Angela Dunne , Jean Timeyin , Sophie Russell , Jameel Khawam , Debbie Blick , Ashley D. Otter , Nipunadi Hettiarachchi , Michelle D. Cairns , Christopher H. Jackson , Shaun Seaman , Colin S. Brown , SIREN Study Group , Ana Atti , Jasmin Islam , Susan Hopkins

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

Bivalent original/BA.4–5 and monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA boosters were offered to UK healthcare workers (HCWs) in the autumn of 2023. We aimed to estimate booster vaccine effectiveness (VE) and post-infection immunity among the SIREN HCW cohort over the subsequent 6-month period of XBB.1.5 and JN.1 variant circulation.

Methods

Between October 2023 to March 2024, 2867 SIREN study participants tested fortnightly for SARS-CoV-2 and completed symptoms questionnaires. We used multi-state models, adjusted for vaccination, prior infection, and demographic covariates, to estimate protection against mild/asymptomatic and moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results

Half of the participants (1422) received a booster during October 2023 (280 bivalent, 1142 monovalent), and 536 (19%) had a PCR-confirmed infection over the study period. Bivalent booster VE was 15.1% (−55.4 to 53.6%) at 0–2 months and 4.2% (−46.4 to 37.3%) at 2–4 months post-vaccination. Monovalent booster VE was 44.2% (95% CI 21.7 to 60.3%) at 0–2 months, and 24.1% (−0.7 to 42.9%) at 2–4 months. VE was greater against moderate infection than against mild/asymptomatic infection, but neither booster showed evidence of protection after 4 months. Controlling for vaccination, compared to an infection >2 years prior, infection within the past 6 months was associated with 58.6% (30.3 to 75.4%) increased protection against moderate infection and 38.5% (5.8 to 59.8%) increased protection against mild/asymptomatic infection.

Conclusions

Monovalent XBB.1.5 boosters provided short-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly against moderate symptoms. Vaccine formulations that target the circulating variant may be suitable for inclusion in seasonal vaccination campaigns among HCWs.

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英国 SIREN 医护人员队列中轻度/无症状和中度 COVID-19 感染的疫苗强化剂和既往感染保护：2023 年 10 月至 2024 年 3 月。

目标：2023年秋季向英国医护人员（HCWs）提供二价原始/BA.4-5和单价XBB.1.5 mRNA强化疫苗。我们的目的是估算 XBB.1.5 和 JN.1 变体在随后 6 个月的流通期间在 SIREN 医护人员队列中的强化疫苗有效性 (VE) 和感染后免疫力：在 2023 年 10 月至 2024 年 3 月期间，2867 名 SIREN 研究参与者每两周进行一次 SARS-CoV-2 检测，并填写症状问卷。我们使用多状态模型，对疫苗接种、先前感染和人口统计学协变量进行了调整，以估算轻度/无症状和中度 SARS-CoV-2 感染的保护率：半数参与者（1,422 人）在 2023 年 10 月期间接种了加强剂（280 人接种了二价疫苗，1,142 人接种了一价疫苗），536 人（19%）在研究期间经 PCR 证实感染了 SARS-CoV-2。二价疫苗接种后 0-2 个月的 VE 为 15.1%（-55.4% 至 53.6%），接种后 2-4 个月的 VE 为 4.2%（-46.4% 至 37.3%）。接种后 0-2 个月和 2-4 个月，单价加强剂的 VE 分别为 44.2% (95% CI 21.7 至 60.3%)和 24.1% (-0.7 至 42.9%)。对中度感染的保护率高于对轻度/无症状感染的保护率，但两种加强剂在 4 个月后都没有显示出保护作用。在控制疫苗接种的情况下，与两年前的感染相比，过去6个月内的感染可提高58.6%（30.3%至75.4%）的中度感染保护率，提高38.5%（5.8%至59.8%）的轻度/无症状感染保护率：结论：单价XBB.1.5加强剂可在短期内预防SARS-CoV-2感染，尤其是预防中度症状。针对流行变异株的疫苗制剂可能适合纳入人机工程人员的季节性疫苗接种活动。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

45.90

自引率

3.20%

发文量

475

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection publishes original papers on all aspects of infection - clinical, microbiological and epidemiological. The Journal seeks to bring together knowledge from all specialties involved in infection research and clinical practice, and present the best work in the ever-changing field of infection. Each issue brings you Editorials that describe current or controversial topics of interest, high quality Reviews to keep you in touch with the latest developments in specific fields of interest, an Epidemiology section reporting studies in the hospital and the general community, and a lively correspondence section.