Development of mKate3/HaloTag7 (JFX650) and CFP/YFP Dual-Fluorescence (or Förster) Resonance Energy Transfer Pairs for Visualizing Dual-Molecular Activity

Abstract

Although several imaging strategies for dual fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors have been reported, their implementation is challenging because of the limited performance of fluorescent proteins and the spectral overlap of FRET biosensors. These processes often require additional data calibration to eliminate artifacts. Many CFP/YFP FRET biosensors have been developed. In this study, we introduced the mKate3/HT7(JFX650) FRET pair, which effectively formed two pairs of FRET pairs for dual-FRET imaging when combined with the CFP/YFP FRET pair. The FRET donor mKate3 exhibited higher brightness than its predecessor mKate. The FRET acceptor, HT7(JFX650), is a HaloTag7 protein covalently conjugated with a far-red JFX650-THL ligand. The pair comprising mKate3 and HT7(JFX650) represents an excellent FRET dyad, exhibiting a high FRET efficiency ratio. To use the FRET pair for dual FRET biosensor imaging, we constructed PKA and K⁺ biosensors based on the mKate3/HT7(JFX650) FRET pair. These biosensors can be used along with CFP/YFP biosensors to simultaneously detect the responses of intracellular PKA/Src, PKA/Ca²⁺, and K⁺/Ca²⁺ under different stimuli. The findings revealed that dual FRET biosensors, which are based on the combination of CFP/YFP and mKate3/HT7 (JFX650), exhibit adequate compatibility and can be used to visualize multiple molecular activities in a live cell.