Effect of supplementing algae to breeding and early gestation first calf heifers on growth and reproduction

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI:10.1093/jas/skae282

G T Nicholls, B J Funnell, K R Stewart, R P Lemenager, N G Briggs, J P Schoonmaker

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Fat supplementation has potential to improve reproductive performance and increase pregnancy rates in cattle by increasing the energy density of the diet. However, some of the positive effects of fat seem to be influenced by the type of fatty acid fed. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) are long-chain n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that have important biological effects on reproduction through their involvement in hormone and series 3 prostaglandin synthesis. Ruminant tissues are naturally almost devoid of n-3 long-chain PUFA, specifically EPA and DHA. Algae biomass provides a consistent source of DHA and EPA that could be fed to alter hormonal profiles and improve reproduction of beef heifers. Eighty-eight Angus × Simmental heifers (427 ± 1.8 kg BW) were blocked by BW and allotted to 2 treatments (44/treatment, 4 pens/treatment, 11 heifers/pen). Control heifers were fed a diet that contained (DM basis) 52.8% mixed grass silage, 32% corn silage, and 15.2% concentrate. DHAgold™ (49% fat; 21.8% DHA; DSM Inc.) was included in the algae diet at 1.65% of DM, replacing equal parts of corn and DDGS. Diets were formulated to contain 12% CP and 0.85 Mcal/kg NEg. Heifers were fed treatment diets from 54 d prior to the breeding season through the first trimester. Follicular fluid was collected on day 47 for hormonal analysis. Artificial insemination (AI) was from d 54 to 77. Heifers that did not get pregnant to AI were removed from the study on d 109 and placed with a bull. The study ended on d 180. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. During the pre-breeding period, algae heifers had lesser DMI (P=0.006) compared to control heifers. Heifers supplemented with algae had greater ADG (P=0.03) during the breeding period and BW tended (P=0.06) to be greater for algae compared to control heifers on d 98 and was greater on d 180 (P=0.03). Dominant follicle diameter and follicular estrogen concentration were unaffected by treatment (P≥0.12). Follicular insulin-like growth factor-1 was greater in algae compared to control heifers (P=0.03). First service conception rate did not differ between treatments (P=0.67); however, second service and overall conception were lesser (P≤0.03) in algae compared to control heifers. These data suggest supplementing DHA-rich algae improved growth but decreased conception rates of primiparous beef females.

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给育成母牛和妊娠早期头胎母牛补充藻类对生长和繁殖的影响

补充脂肪可以提高日粮的能量密度，从而改善牛的繁殖性能并提高受孕率。不过，脂肪的某些积极作用似乎受到饲喂的脂肪酸类型的影响。二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6n-3）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20:5n-3）是长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)，通过参与激素和 3 系列前列腺素的合成，对繁殖具有重要的生物效应。反刍动物组织天然几乎不含 n-3 长链 PUFA，特别是 EPA 和 DHA。藻类生物质可提供稳定的 DHA 和 EPA 来源，通过喂养可改变荷尔蒙状况，提高肉用小母牛的繁殖能力。将 88 头安格斯×西门塔尔母牛（体重 427 ± 1.8 千克）按体重分组，并分配到 2 个处理中（44 头/处理，4 栏/处理，11 头/栏）。对照组小母牛的日粮中含有（以 DM 计）52.8% 的混合青草、32% 的玉米青贮和 15.2% 的精料。DHAgold™（脂肪含量 49%；DHA 含量 21.8%；DSM 公司）被添加到藻类日粮中，占 DM 的 1.65%，取代等量的玉米和 DDGS。母牛从配种季节前 54 天开始饲喂处理日粮，直至妊娠头三个月。第 47 天收集卵泡液进行激素分析。人工授精（AI）从第 54 天开始到第 77 天结束，人工授精未怀孕的母牛在第 109 天退出研究，并与一头公牛配种。研究于第 180 天结束。数据使用 SAS 的 MIXED 程序进行分析。在配种前，与对照组相比，海藻母牛的DMI较低（P=0.006）。与对照组母牛相比，补充藻类的母牛在第98天的ADG更高（P=0.03），在第180天的BW更高（P=0.03）。优势卵泡直径和卵泡雌激素浓度不受处理影响（P≥0.12）。与对照组相比，藻类母牛的卵泡胰岛素样生长因子-1更高（P=0.03）。不同处理的第一次受孕率没有差异（P=0.67）；但与对照组母牛相比，藻类母牛的第二次受孕率和总受孕率较低（P≤0.03）。这些数据表明，补充富含DHA的藻类可提高初产雌性肉牛的生长速度，但会降低受孕率。

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来源期刊

Journal of animal science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

12.10%

发文量

1589

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Animal Science (JAS) is the premier journal for animal science and serves as the leading source of new knowledge and perspective in this area. JAS publishes more than 500 fully reviewed research articles, invited reviews, technical notes, and letters to the editor each year. Articles published in JAS encompass a broad range of research topics in animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and preparation and utilization of animal products. Articles typically report research with beef cattle, companion animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep; however, studies involving other farm animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and laboratory animal species that address fundamental questions related to livestock and companion animal biology will be considered for publication.