Does governmental corruption aid or hamper early moral development? Insights from the Dominican Republic and United States contexts.

IF 3.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Bolivar Reyes-Jaquez,Melissa A Koenig
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Abstract

We tested whether children growing up in the Dominican Republic (D.R.), a context with relatively high governmental corruption levels, would support versus distance themselves from widespread unethical practices like bribery. In Experiment 1 (moral judgments; n = 106), D.R. elementary schoolers and adults evaluated judges who accepted gifts from contestants before or after selecting contest winners and predicted whether bribe-taking judges would be secretive. Like adults, older-but not younger-D.R. elementary schoolers differentially condemned judges who accepted gifts before versus after picking contest winners. Unlike adults, children often predicted that judges would disclose receiving gifts. In Experiment 2 (moral behaviors; n = 44), D.R. elementary schoolers could secretly accept or reject a bribe in exchange for 1st place while judging a drawing contest. All but two children rejected the bribe. Together, these findings stand in contrast with U.S. bribery-related developmental trends (Reyes-Jaquez & Koenig, 2021, 2022) and support this contention: When growing up in a more morally heterogeneous context like the D.R., children eventually assume a critical and differentiated stance toward-and will resist or subvert-some of their culture's unethical practices. Greater exposure to a wide range of unethical transactions might hinder aspects of bribery-related moral development early on, depending on how these aspects are measured (moral judgment vs. behavior). Nevertheless, over time, such exposure may strengthen children's capacity to resist unethical cultural practices, indicated by children's overwhelming rejection of bribes. We discuss the importance of including diverse response modalities (verbal, behavioral) when measuring psychological constructs in non-Western societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
政府腐败会帮助还是阻碍早期道德发展?来自多米尼加共和国和美国的启示。
多米尼加共和国(D.R.)是一个政府腐败程度相对较高的国家,我们测试了在多米尼加共和国长大的儿童是否会支持或远离贿赂等普遍存在的不道德行为。在实验 1(道德判断;n = 106)中,多米尼加共和国的小学生和成年人对在评选优胜者之前或之后收受参赛者礼物的法官进行了评价,并预测受贿法官是否会保密。与成人一样,年龄较大但不太小的 D.R. 小学生对在挑选比赛获胜者之前和之后收受礼物的法官的谴责程度不同。与成人不同的是,儿童经常预测法官会透露收受礼物的情况。在实验 2(道德行为;n = 44)中,D.R. 小学生可以在评判绘画比赛时秘密接受或拒绝贿赂,以换取第一名。除两名儿童外,所有儿童都拒绝了贿赂。这些研究结果与美国与贿赂有关的发展趋向形成鲜明对比(Reyes-Jaquez & Koenig, 2021, 2022),并支持这一论点:当儿童在像印尼这样道德异质性较高的环境中成长时,他们最终会对其文化中的一些不道德做法采取批判和区别对待的立场,并会抵制或颠覆这些做法。更多地接触各种不道德的交易可能会阻碍早期与贿赂有关的道德发展,这取决于如何衡量这些方面(道德判断与行为)。然而,随着时间的推移,这种接触可能会增强儿童抵制不道德文化习俗的能力,儿童对贿赂的强烈排斥就说明了这一点。我们讨论了在测量非西方社会中的心理建构时包括不同反应模式(语言、行为)的重要性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
300
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: General publishes articles describing empirical work that bridges the traditional interests of two or more communities of psychology. The work may touch on issues dealt with in JEP: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, JEP: Animal Behavior Processes, or JEP: Applied, but may also concern issues in other subdisciplines of psychology, including social processes, developmental processes, psychopathology, neuroscience, or computational modeling. Articles in JEP: General may be longer than the usual journal publication if necessary, but shorter articles that bridge subdisciplines will also be considered.
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