Chandrayaan-3 landing site evolution by South Pole-Aitken basin and other impact craters

IF 2.5 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
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Abstract

The Chandrayaan-3 mission with the Vikram-lander and the Pragyan rover landed in the high latitude highland region near the south pole of the Moon. The landing site is located ∼350 km from the South Pole-Aitken basin rim, an ancient and highly cratered terrain. This site has undergone the complex emplacement sequence of SPA basin ejecta followed by the nearby and distant impact basins and crater ejecta materials. To evaluate the source of individual basin and crater ejecta emplacement over this landing site, we carefully demarcated the nearby and distal basins and craters that could have contributed to the source regolith material. We found that the SPA basin is the major contributor, which deposited nearly ∼1400 m of ejecta materials, and 11 other basins deposited ∼580 m of ejecta. The other complex craters contributed up to ∼90 m of ejecta. Meanwhile, secondary craters of a few km in diameter located adjacent to the landing site contributed to ∼0.5 m ejecta, which are crucial target materials for the Pragyan rover insitu analysis. Pragyan rover images revealed the landing site is devoid of >1 m boulders along the traverse revealing typical highland terrain. The Pragyan rover Navcam and Orbital High Resolution Camera regional images revealed linear distal ejecta rays possibly from the distant impacts as insitu evidence of foreign material at the CH-3 landing site. We found a semi-circular, heavily degraded structure encompassed around the landing site, which is interpreted as a buried impact crater ∼160 km in diameter probably formed before the SPA basin. The erasure of pre-SPA basin craters is caused by both the direct burial by SPA basin ejecta, high seismic shaking during SPA formation, and then followed by various post-SPA craters and its associated some of the degradation processes. Overall, Chandrayaan-3 landed within an ancient region that hosts some of the most deeply excavated materials on the Moon.
按南极-艾特肯盆地和其他撞击坑划分的钱德拉雅安-3 号着陆点演变情况
携带维克拉姆着陆器和普拉扬漫游车的 "月壤-3 号 "任务在月球南极附近的高纬度高原地区着陆。着陆点距离南极-艾特肯盆地边缘约 350 千米,这是一个古老的火山口地形。该着陆点经历了南极-艾特肯盆地喷出物、附近和远处的撞击盆地以及陨石坑喷出物的复杂喷出顺序。为了评估该着陆点上各个撞击盆地和陨石坑喷出物的来源,我们仔细划分了附近和远处的撞击盆地和陨石坑,这些盆地和陨石坑都可能是碎屑材料的来源。我们发现,SPA盆地是主要的喷出物质来源,沉积了近∼1400米的喷出物质,其他11个盆地沉积了∼580米的喷出物质。其他复杂的陨石坑则沉积了多达 ∼90 米的喷出物质。同时,着陆点附近直径为几公里的次级陨石坑产生了 ∼0.5 米的喷出物,这些喷出物是普拉扬漫游车原位分析的重要目标材料。Pragyan 漫游车图像显示,着陆点沿线没有 1 米长的巨石,显示了典型的高原地形。Pragyan 漫游车导航摄像头和轨道高分辨率照相机的区域图像显示了可能来自远距离撞击的线性远端喷出射线,这是 CH-3 着陆点异物的现场证据。我们在着陆点周围发现了一个半圆形的严重退化结构,据解释,这是一个直径为 160 千米的埋藏式撞击坑,可能形成于 SPA 盆地之前。SPA盆地之前的陨石坑的侵蚀是由SPA盆地喷出物的直接掩埋、SPA形成过程中的高地震震动以及SPA盆地之后的各种陨石坑及其相关的一些退化过程造成的。总之,"钱德拉雅安3号 "着陆在一个古老的区域内,该区域拥有月球上挖掘最深的一些物质。
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来源期刊
Icarus
Icarus 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
18.80%
发文量
356
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Icarus is devoted to the publication of original contributions in the field of Solar System studies. Manuscripts reporting the results of new research - observational, experimental, or theoretical - concerning the astronomy, geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, biology, and other scientific aspects of our Solar System or extrasolar systems are welcome. The journal generally does not publish papers devoted exclusively to the Sun, the Earth, celestial mechanics, meteoritics, or astrophysics. Icarus does not publish papers that provide "improved" versions of Bode''s law, or other numerical relations, without a sound physical basis. Icarus does not publish meeting announcements or general notices. Reviews, historical papers, and manuscripts describing spacecraft instrumentation may be considered, but only with prior approval of the editor. An entire issue of the journal is occasionally devoted to a single subject, usually arising from a conference on the same topic. The language of publication is English. American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these.
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