The influence of the solar wind electric and magnetic fields on the latitude and temporal variations of the current density, JZ, of the global electric circuit, with relevance to weather and climate
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Observations have shown small day-to-day stratiform cloud opacity and atmospheric dynamical responses to variations in the ionosphere-earth current density (JZ). We model the day-to-day and seasonal/bi-decadal changes in the area-integrals of ionospheric potential (Vi) near the magnetic poles due to solar wind electric field inputs. The overhead value of Vi, divided by the local column resistance (R) determines JZ, where the conductivity of the column is the result of ionization by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar and magnetospheric energetic particle precipitation. These vary with time, due to varying solar wind magnetic field inputs, not only on the day-to-day timescale (e.g., Forbush decreases) but also on the decadal and bi-decadal and century timescales. The GCR and energetic particle inputs vary with latitude, due to filtering of particle energies in the geomagnetic field. We compare area-integrals of the amplitude of the JZ variations due to Vi changes to those due to the R changes, for evaluating their global effectiveness in affecting cloud microphysics and weather and climate changes. The day-to-day and bi-decadal correlated weather and climate variations indicate JZ rather than other solar forcings as mainly responsible for the correlations. The decadal and longer climate responses to space weather are not large; however, understanding them could help improve predictions of future climate change due to greenhouse gases.
观测结果表明,电离层-地球电流密度(JZ)的变化对层状云不透明度和大气动态响应的日变化很小。我们模拟了太阳风电场输入引起的磁极附近电离层电势(Vi)区域积分的逐日和季节/双十年变化。Vi 的开销值除以本地电离层柱电阻(R)决定了 JZ,其中电离层柱的电导率是银河宇宙射线(GCR)以及太阳和磁层高能粒子沉淀电离的结果。由于太阳风磁场输入的变化,这些因素随时间而变化,不仅在逐日时间尺度上(如福布什下降),而且在十年、双十年和世纪时间尺度上也是如此。由于地磁场对粒子能量的过滤作用,全球核磁共振和高能粒子输入量随纬度而变化。我们比较了 Vi 变化和 R 变化引起的 JZ 变幅的面积积分,以评估它们在影响云微观物理和天气及气候变化方面的全球效力。逐日和双十年相关天气和气候变迁表明,JZ 而不是其他太阳作用力是造成相关性的主要原因。对空间天气的十年期和更长气候响应并不大;但是,了解这些响应有助于改进对温室气体导致的未来气候变化的预测。
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (JASTP) is an international journal concerned with the inter-disciplinary science of the Earth''s atmospheric and space environment, especially the highly varied and highly variable physical phenomena that occur in this natural laboratory and the processes that couple them.
The journal covers the physical processes operating in the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, the Sun, interplanetary medium, and heliosphere. Phenomena occurring in other "spheres", solar influences on climate, and supporting laboratory measurements are also considered. The journal deals especially with the coupling between the different regions.
Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other energetic events on the Sun create interesting and important perturbations in the near-Earth space environment. The physics of such "space weather" is central to the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics and the journal welcomes papers that lead in the direction of a predictive understanding of the coupled system. Regarding the upper atmosphere, the subjects of aeronomy, geomagnetism and geoelectricity, auroral phenomena, radio wave propagation, and plasma instabilities, are examples within the broad field of solar-terrestrial physics which emphasise the energy exchange between the solar wind, the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas, and the neutral gas. In the lower atmosphere, topics covered range from mesoscale to global scale dynamics, to atmospheric electricity, lightning and its effects, and to anthropogenic changes.