Storing liquid chromatographic separations on surface energy traps: decoupling the LC and the mass spectrometer†

Abstract

We report a micro-fractionation device for high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to archive chromatographic separations on an array of optimized surface energy traps (SETs). The method has the potential to significantly alter nanoflow LC-MS workflow, decoupling separation and analysis. The wetting characteristics of the SETs cause the HPLC eluent stream to spontaneously split into droplet microfractions. The droplet mirofractions are then dried down to enable facile storage and transport of the archived separation. Discontinuously dewetting array parameters were explored to maximize array volume and resolution using a combination of SET design, shape, size, and spacing. Mass spectrometry analysis is performed utilizing a liquid micro-junction surface sampling probe to extract dried analytes from the surface of the SETs followed by electrospray ionisation. A reverse phase separation of pharmaceutical compounds is “recorded” using the micro-fractionation device followed by “reading” the chromatographic trace with a mass spectrometer 24 hours after the separation was performed/archived, demonstrating a true decoupling of LC, and MS. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to collect microfractions with sub-one-second integration time, approaching the scan time of a mass spectrometer or UV-Vis detector. With further improvements to the device, sub-1-second micro-fractionation may enable seamless reconstruction of archived chromatograms indistinguishable from online LC-MS data, while also providing the benefits of easy storage and transport of archived separations.