Toward Quantum Noses: Quantum Chemosensing Based on Molecular Qubits in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract

Quantum sensing leverages quantum properties to enhance the sensitivity and resolution of sensors beyond their classical sensing limits. Quantum sensors, such as diamond defect centers, have been developed to detect various physical properties, including magnetic fields and temperature. However, the spins of defects are buried within dense solids, making it difficult for them to strongly interact with molecular analytes. Therefore, nanoporous materials have been implemented in combination with electron spin center of molecules (molecular qubits) to produce quantum chemosensors that can distinguish various chemical substances. Molecular qubits have a uniform structure, and their properties can be precisely controlled by changing their chemical structure. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are suitable for supporting molecular qubits because of their high porosity, structural regularity, and designability. Molecular qubits can be inserted in the MOF structures or adsorbed as guest molecules. The qubits in the MOF can interact with analytes upon exposure, providing an effective and tunable sensing platform.