Interfacial local activation strategy tailoring selective zinc deposition pattern for stable zinc anodes

Abstract

"Tip effect" triggered by uneven zinc deposition accelerates the growth of Zn dendrites. The unfavorable interfacial activity gradient aggravates zinc deposition at the tips, which is the root cause of zinc dendrites. This study reports an interfacial local activation strategy to reconfigure the interfacial activity gradient of zinc anode to promote more stable operation of zinc batteries. A locally activated zinc anode (Zn-ILA) is proposed as the proof-of-concept zinc anode by constructing high-active microchannels to induce preferential zinc deposition, while the remaining low-active region is accompanied by zinc epitaxial growth, thus achieving bottom-up zinc deposition at the anode interface. A fabrication method based on nanosecond pulsed laser is used to modify the zinc anode by creating high-active microchannels through thermal impingement. Additionally, low-active regions covered by dense ZnO nanoparticles are also formed due to the plasma effect. The laser-induced cross-scale oxide layers help improve the corrosion resistance at the full zinc anode interface. The proposed interfacial local activation strategy enables ordered selective deposition at the Zn-ILA interface owing to the activity gradient, as well as stabilizes the long-term operation of symmetric and full cells. The effectiveness of Zn-ILA is also validated in large-area pouch batteries, showing great potential for large-scale energy storage systems.