Protocolo diagnóstico endocrinológico de la infertilidad

Abstract

Infertility affects approximately 15% to 20% of couples. Factors can include both females and males as well as mixed factors and its causes may be idiopathic or unknown. The main causes of female infertility include ovulatory dysfunctions; uterine or cervical abnormalities; fallopian tube problems; and endocrinological causes such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and obesity. The evaluation begins with a complete medical history and physical examination followed by tests to assess ovulatory function as well as a biochemical and hormonal analysis. Male infertility, which affects a significant proportion of couples, may be caused by testicular dysfunction, endocrinopathies, lifestyle factors, congenital anatomical anomalies, exposure to gonadotoxic drugs, and aging. The evaluation includes a detailed medical history and complete physical examination followed by semen analysis to assess sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Imaging tests and molecular and chromosomal studies are also performed in specific cases.

In both sexes, a biochemical and hormonal evaluation is crucial to identify possible endocrinological causes of infertility. Levels of hormones such as FSH, LH, testosterone, and prolactin must be measured to determine gonadal function and detect possible underlying hormonal disorders. The interpretation of these results helps guide the diagnosis and treatment of infertility.