MOF-derived magnetic nanocomposites as potential formulations for the efficient removal of organic pollutants from water via adsorption and advanced oxidation processes: A review

Abstract

This review article summarizes current developments in the design and application of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) to remove organic pollutants (OPs) in water efficiently. In the review, various methods for synthesis, like in-situ encapsulation and post-synthetic modification, have been discussed, showing how magnetic nanoparticles incorporated into MOFs resulted in materials that had improved adsorption and advanced oxidation processes. These NCs showed unique structural characteristics and functional advantages given their large surface area, tunable pore sizes, and magnetic separability. This work has emphasized dual functionality concerning adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. More importantly, these processes synergistically cooperate to realize considerably high removal efficiencies for a wide range of OPs. It also addresses current challenges on stability and scalability issues and proposes possible ways of improving MOF-MNCs' performance. This is followed by future research directions on the betterment of the practical application of MOF-MNCs in controlling water pollution, highlighting their potential as a feasible and effective solution for mitigating water contamination. Lastly, it is proposed in this synthesis that Ishikawa 5Ms should be considered when developing low-cost MOF-MNCs and industrializing their application for water depollution.