Fluorinated triphenylamine phthalocyanine @ silica-coated gold nanorods: A photoactivated lysosome escape and targeting mitochondria two-photon probe for imaging-guided photothermal synergistic photodynamic therapy in cancer cells

IF 3.3 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Journal of Luminescence Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI:10.1016/j.jlumin.2024.120900

Yating Shen , Junwen Zhou , Guizhi Chen , Jingtang Wang , Qiuhao Ye , Kuizhi Chen , Liting Qiu , Linying Chen , Yiru Peng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The timely evasion of nanomedicines from lysosomes is essential to avert premature degradation under the acidic and hydrolytic conditions characteristic of these cellular compartments. However, the development of effective strategies has been hindered by the complexity of design material and the scarcity of practical methods. In this study, we have synthesized a novel nanoparticle, designated as TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO₂. This nanoparticle was prepared by encapsulating near-infrared fluorinated triphenylamine-substituted silicon phthalocyanines (TPA-BPAF-SiPc) within mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorods (AuNR@SiO₂). TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO₂ functions as a dual-function two-photon probe, facilitating photoactivated lysosome escape and targeting mitochondria. The inherent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) two-photon fluorescence of TPA-BPAF-SiPc is notably bright when encapsulated in AuNR@SiO₂ nanocarriers, a phenomenon not observed in polymer nanocarriers composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀) or in THF/water mixtures. Upon irradiation, this nanoparticle autonomously escapes from lysosomes and selectively targets mitochondria, a process can be visually monitored in real-time through the two-photon AIE fluorescence of TPA-BPAF-SiPc. Moreover, upon activation, TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO₂ produces a substantial quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces hyperthermia effects, showcasing its potential for effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) in conjunction with synergistic hyperthermia. Flow cytometry data corroborate the induction of tumor cell death through both necrosis and apoptosis pathways by TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO₂. This study underscores the potential of TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO₂ as a multifunctional probe capable of enabling lysosome escape, mitochondria targeting, and two-photon fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal synergistic photodynamic therapy, specifically tailored for the treatment of breast cancer.

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氟化三苯胺酞菁@二氧化硅涂层金纳米棒：一种光激活溶酶体逃逸和靶向线粒体的双光子探针，用于对癌细胞进行成像引导的光热协同光动力治疗

要避免纳米药物在细胞溶酶体特有的酸性和水解条件下过早降解，就必须及时避免纳米药物进入溶酶体。然而，设计材料的复杂性和实用方法的匮乏阻碍了有效策略的开发。在本研究中，我们合成了一种新型纳米粒子，命名为 TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO2。这种纳米粒子是通过将近红外氟化三苯胺取代硅酞菁（TPA-BPAF-SiPc）封装在介孔二氧化硅包覆金纳米棒（AuNR@SiO2）中制备而成的。TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO2 具有双光子探针的双重功能，既能促进光激活的溶酶体逃逸，又能靶向线粒体。当 TPA-BPAF-SiPc 被封装在 AuNR@SiO2 纳米载体中时，其固有的聚集诱导发射（AIE）双光子荧光非常明亮，而在由 1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷脂乙醇胺-N-[甲氧基（聚乙二醇）-2000]（DSPE-PEG2000）组成的聚合物纳米载体或在 THF/ 水混合物中却观察不到这种现象。照射时，这种纳米粒子会自主脱离溶酶体，并选择性地靶向线粒体，这一过程可通过 TPA-BPAF-SiPc 的双光子 AIE 荧光进行实时可视化监测。此外，TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO2 被激活后会产生大量活性氧（ROS）并诱导热效应，从而展示了其在协同热效应的同时进行有效光动力疗法（PDT）的潜力。流式细胞仪数据证实了 TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO2 通过坏死和凋亡两种途径诱导肿瘤细胞死亡。这项研究强调了 TPA-BPAF-SiPc@AuNR@SiO2 作为一种多功能探针的潜力，它能够实现溶酶体逃逸、线粒体靶向和双光子荧光成像引导的光热协同光动力疗法，特别适用于乳腺癌的治疗。

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来源期刊

Journal of Luminescence 物理-光学

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

13.90%

发文量

850

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The purpose of the Journal of Luminescence is to provide a means of communication between scientists in different disciplines who share a common interest in the electronic excited states of molecular, ionic and covalent systems, whether crystalline, amorphous, or liquid. We invite original papers and reviews on such subjects as: exciton and polariton dynamics, dynamics of localized excited states, energy and charge transport in ordered and disordered systems, radiative and non-radiative recombination, relaxation processes, vibronic interactions in electronic excited states, photochemistry in condensed systems, excited state resonance, double resonance, spin dynamics, selective excitation spectroscopy, hole burning, coherent processes in excited states, (e.g. coherent optical transients, photon echoes, transient gratings), multiphoton processes, optical bistability, photochromism, and new techniques for the study of excited states. This list is not intended to be exhaustive. Papers in the traditional areas of optical spectroscopy (absorption, MCD, luminescence, Raman scattering) are welcome. Papers on applications (phosphors, scintillators, electro- and cathodo-luminescence, radiography, bioimaging, solar energy, energy conversion, etc.) are also welcome if they present results of scientific, rather than only technological interest. However, papers containing purely theoretical results, not related to phenomena in the excited states, as well as papers using luminescence spectroscopy to perform routine analytical chemistry or biochemistry procedures, are outside the scope of the journal. Some exceptions will be possible at the discretion of the editors.