Biomass Hydrogel Electrolytes toward Green and Durable Supercapacitors: Enhancing Flame Retardancy, Low-Temperature Self-Healing, Self-Adhesion, and Long-Term Cycling Stability

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02852

Nannan Zhu, Qijin Teng, Yibin Xing, Xiyao Wang, Zuocai Zhang, Xuejuan Wan

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Abstract

Hydrogels have shown promise as quasi-solid-state electrolytes for flexible supercapacitors but face challenges such as poor self-repair, unstable electrode adhesion, limited temperature range, and flammability. Herein, an all-round green hydrogel electrolyte (silk nanofibers (SNFs)/peach gum polysaccharide (PGP)/borax/glycerol (SPBG)-ZnSO₄) addresses these issues through dynamic cross-linking of peach gum polysaccharide and silk nanofibers with borax, integrating varieties of key property including high water retention, broad temperature tolerance (−20 to 90 °C), excellent self-adhesion (60.7 kPa for carbon cloth electrodes), satisfactory flame retardancy (limited oxygen index of 51%), low-temperature self-healing (−20 °C), and good ionic conductivity (7.68 mS cm^–1). The resulting supercapacitor exhibits excellent cycling stability with 98.2% capacitance retention after 40,000 long cycles at 25 °C. The specific capacitance retention remains above 90% even after 15,000 cycles at high/low temperatures (50 °C/–20 °C). Furthermore, the flexible supercapacitor demonstrates stable performance under mechanical stimuli (180° bending and perforation), highlighting the potential of biomass hydrogels in flexible energy storage devices.

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面向绿色耐用超级电容器的生物质水凝胶电解质：增强阻燃性、低温自愈性、自粘性和长期循环稳定性

水凝胶有望成为柔性超级电容器的准固态电解质，但也面临着自我修复能力差、电极附着力不稳定、温度范围有限以及易燃性等挑战。在此，一种全方位的绿色水凝胶电解质（蚕丝纳米纤维（SNFs）/桃胶多糖（PGP）/硼砂/甘油（SPBG）-ZnSO4）通过桃胶多糖和蚕丝纳米纤维与硼砂的动态交联解决了这些问题，集成了多种关键特性，包括高保水、宽温度耐受性（-20 至 90 °C）、优异的自粘性（碳布电极为 60.7 kPa）、令人满意的阻燃性（有限氧指数为 51%）、低温自愈性（-20 °C）和良好的离子导电性（7.68 mS cm-1）。所制成的超级电容器具有出色的循环稳定性，在 25 °C 下经过 40,000 次长循环后，电容保持率为 98.2%。即使在高温/低温（50 °C/-20 °C）条件下循环 15,000 次，比电容保持率仍能保持在 90% 以上。此外，这种柔性超级电容器在机械刺激（180°弯曲和穿孔）下也表现出稳定的性能，凸显了生物质水凝胶在柔性储能设备中的潜力。

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来源期刊

Nano Letters 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

16.80

自引率

2.80%

发文量

1182

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Nano Letters serves as a dynamic platform for promptly disseminating original results in fundamental, applied, and emerging research across all facets of nanoscience and nanotechnology. A pivotal criterion for inclusion within Nano Letters is the convergence of at least two different areas or disciplines, ensuring a rich interdisciplinary scope. The journal is dedicated to fostering exploration in diverse areas, including: - Experimental and theoretical findings on physical, chemical, and biological phenomena at the nanoscale - Synthesis, characterization, and processing of organic, inorganic, polymer, and hybrid nanomaterials through physical, chemical, and biological methodologies - Modeling and simulation of synthetic, assembly, and interaction processes - Realization of integrated nanostructures and nano-engineered devices exhibiting advanced performance - Applications of nanoscale materials in living and environmental systems Nano Letters is committed to advancing and showcasing groundbreaking research that intersects various domains, fostering innovation and collaboration in the ever-evolving field of nanoscience and nanotechnology.