Combining radiotherapy and systemic therapies in oropharyngeal cancer: A comprehensive review of recent developments

Abstract

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has seen significant advancements in treatment modalities, particularly with the integration of radiotherapy and systemic therapies. This review comprehensively examines recent developments in combining these treatments, focusing on their synergistic potential, clinical outcomes, and future prospects. Advances in radiotherapy, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), proton beam therapy (PBT), and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), have improved targeting and reduced toxicity. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) remains a cornerstone, while the onset of immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, has transformed systemic treatment. Combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy shows promise in enhancing treatment efficacy. Targeted therapies, such as those targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are also explored for their potential in OPC management. The review underscores the importance of personalized treatment approaches and highlights ongoing research into novel therapeutic combinations and advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning. These advancements aim to optimize treatment strategies, improve survival rates, and minimize treatment-related toxicity, heralding a new era in OPC management.