Making energy justice work for women in rural sub-Saharan Africa: A quantitative diagnostic from Benin, Senegal, and Togo

IF 6.9 2区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Laurent Jodoin , Dede W. Gafa , Aklesso Egbendewe , Laurent Kossivi Domegni , Ibrahima Diop Gaye , Victorien Justin Ague , Khady Lo , Edgard-Marius Ouendo , Latif Fagbémi , Mayoro Diop
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Abstract

Using quantitative and qualitative evidence from an extensive survey of 2291 rural households in three West African countries, this article adopts normative framework based on the energy justice framework (EJF) as well as on the capability approach to identify situations of injustice with vulnerable groups and specific interventions to improve the conditions of this group. It operationalizes and discusses the concepts of availability, affordability, due process, transparency and accountability as well as sustainability with a perspective on gender equity. Accordingly, our study adopts both an ex-ante (the framework informing evidence) and an ex-post (evidence informing the framework) approach. The results show that a capability approach to energy justice requires a bottom-up, individualistic approach that allows a better identification of energy injustices. For instance, the evidence based on an original operationalization of energy availability considering opportunity costs shows that women have less access to energy and are more exposed to health problems than their male counterparts; this proposition also results in a picture showing more energy poverty than previously known. Also, their limited involvement in energy-related decision-making in the household further perpetuates the vicious cycle of time poverty, income poverty and energy poverty. Furthermore, without specific improvements in social justice for women in rural areas, increasing electricity access in rural areas is unlikely to translate into more energy justice as well as more capabilities for women; in effect, social injustices tend to block the material gains. From a policy perspective, the main recommendation focuses on women and targets the elimination of the ‘worse-case scenario’, that is, the least efficient cookstoves with fetched fuelwood for increasing the capabilities of women and improve the overall energy justice in West African countries.
让撒哈拉以南非洲农村妇女享有能源公正:贝宁、塞内加尔和多哥的定量分析
本文利用对三个西非国家 2291 户农村家庭进行的广泛调查所获得的定量和定性证据,采用了基于能源公正框架(EJF)和能力方法的规范性框架,以确定弱势群体的不公正状况以及改善该群体状况的具体干预措施。本研究从性别平等的角度,对可用性、可负担性、正当程序、透明度和问责制以及可持续性等概念进行了操作和讨论。因此,我们的研究采用了事前(框架为证据提供信息)和事后(证据为框架提供信息)两种方法。研究结果表明,能源公正的能力方法需要一种自下而上的个人主义方法,这样才能更好地识别能源不公正现象。例如,基于机会成本的能源可用性原始操作的证据表明,与男性相比,女性获得能源的机会更少,面临的健康问题也更多。此外,她们在家庭能源相关决策中的参与程度有限,这进一步加剧了时间贫困、收入贫困和能源贫困的恶性循环。此外,如果不具体改善农村地区妇女的社会公正,农村地区电力供应的增加就不可能转化为更多的能源公正以及妇女的更多能力;实际上,社会不公正往往会阻碍物质利益的实现。从政策角度看,主要建议的重点是妇女,目标是消除 "最糟糕的情况",即效率最低的木柴炉灶,以提高妇女的能力,改善西非国家的整体能源公正。
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来源期刊
Energy Research & Social Science
Energy Research & Social Science ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-
CiteScore
14.00
自引率
16.40%
发文量
441
审稿时长
55 days
期刊介绍: Energy Research & Social Science (ERSS) is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes original research and review articles examining the relationship between energy systems and society. ERSS covers a range of topics revolving around the intersection of energy technologies, fuels, and resources on one side and social processes and influences - including communities of energy users, people affected by energy production, social institutions, customs, traditions, behaviors, and policies - on the other. Put another way, ERSS investigates the social system surrounding energy technology and hardware. ERSS is relevant for energy practitioners, researchers interested in the social aspects of energy production or use, and policymakers. Energy Research & Social Science (ERSS) provides an interdisciplinary forum to discuss how social and technical issues related to energy production and consumption interact. Energy production, distribution, and consumption all have both technical and human components, and the latter involves the human causes and consequences of energy-related activities and processes as well as social structures that shape how people interact with energy systems. Energy analysis, therefore, needs to look beyond the dimensions of technology and economics to include these social and human elements.
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