Bone regeneration in rabbit cranial defects: 3D printed polylactic acid scaffolds gradually enriched with marine bioderived calcium phosphate

IF 3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI:10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102240

Iván Alonso Fernández , Håvard Jostein Haugen , Liebert Parreiras Nogueira , Miriam López Álvarez , Pío González , Mónica López Peña , Antonio González Cantalapiedra , Fernando Muñoz Guzón

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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility, mechanical performance and osteoconductive potential of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds enriched with marine bioderived calcium phosphate (bioCaP) for bone tissue engineering.

Materials and methods

PLA-bioCaP composite scaffolds were specifically designed for the rabbit cranial defect model by 3D printing, with a uniform distribution of open square-shaped pores and contributions in bioCaP. Physicochemical and mechanical characterization and the evaluation of biological response are presented.

Results

The scaffolds demonstrated mechanical properties comparable to human bones, integration with the host bone, and osteoconductive behavior promoting cell ingrowth from the defect edge. Strong mineralized tissue ingrowth through the scaffolds’ pores was observed, providing notable support to the host bone. In quantitative terms, micro-CT and histomorphometry analysis post-implantation revealed no significant differences in bone regeneration across all groups.

Conclusion

The 3D-printed scaffolds with perpendicular patterning, open porosity, and proposed composition displayed satisfactory mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteoconductive response. The scaffolds promoted bone regeneration at similar levels as the PLA. The highest contribution of bioCaP promoted a positive influence in certain histomorphometric parameters; however, it did not significantly improve their osteogenic capability. Further research is required to optimize scaffold composition and enhance their osteogenic potential.

Clinical relevance

This study presents a significant advancement in bone tissue engineering through the development of personalized composite scaffolds for bone-related applications. The clinical implications of this research are profound, especially considering the increasing demand for functional bone regeneration technologies capable of producing cost-effective producing cost-effective customized scaffolds.

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兔颅骨缺损的骨再生：逐渐富含海洋生物磷酸钙的 3D 打印聚乳酸支架

本研究旨在评估用于骨组织工程的富含海洋生物源磷酸钙（bioCaP）的三维打印聚乳酸（PLA）支架的体内生物相容性、力学性能和骨诱导潜力。结果表明，该支架具有与人类骨骼相媲美的机械性能、与宿主骨骼的整合性以及促进细胞从缺损边缘生长的骨诱导行为。观察到大量矿化组织通过支架孔隙生长，为宿主骨提供了显著的支撑。在定量方面，植入后的显微 CT 和组织形态学分析表明，各组的骨再生情况没有显著差异。这些支架对骨再生的促进作用与聚乳酸相似。生物钙磷的最高含量对某些组织形态学参数产生了积极影响，但并未显著提高其成骨能力。这项研究通过开发用于骨相关应用的个性化复合材料支架，在骨组织工程领域取得了重大进展。这项研究具有深远的临床意义，特别是考虑到对能够生产具有成本效益的定制支架的功能性骨再生技术的需求日益增长。

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来源期刊

Materialia MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

2.90%

发文量

345

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： Materialia is a multidisciplinary journal of materials science and engineering that publishes original peer-reviewed research articles. Articles in Materialia advance the understanding of the relationship between processing, structure, property, and function of materials. Materialia publishes full-length research articles, review articles, and letters (short communications). In addition to receiving direct submissions, Materialia also accepts transfers from Acta Materialia, Inc. partner journals. Materialia offers authors the choice to publish on an open access model (with author fee), or on a subscription model (with no author fee).