Carlo M Pozzi, Vittoria F Brambilla, Angelo Gaiti, Alberto Spada
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Main conclusion: Plants lacking shoot apical meristem develop with unique body shapes, suggesting rewiring of developmental genes. This loss of the meristem is likely influenced by a combination of environmental factors and evolutionary pressures. This study explores the development of plant bodies in three families (Podostemaceae, Lemnaceae, and Gesneriaceae) where the shoot apical meristem (SAM), a key structure for growth, is absent or altered. The review highlights alternative developmental strategies these plants employ. Also, we considered alternative reproduction in those species, namely through structures like turions, fronds, or modified leaves, bypassing the need for a SAM. Further, we report on studies based on the expression patterns of genes known to be involved in SAM formation and function. Interestingly, these genes are still present but expressed in atypical locations, suggesting a rewiring of developmental networks. Our view on the current literature and knowledge indicates that the loss or reduction of the SAM is driven by a combination of environmental pressures and evolutionary constraints, leading to these unique morphologies. Further research, also building on Next-Generation Sequencing, will be instrumental to explore the genetic basis for these adaptations and how environmental factors influence them.
主要结论:缺乏芽顶端分生组织的植物发育出独特的体型,这表明发育基因被重新连接。分生组织的缺失可能受到环境因素和进化压力的共同影响。本研究探讨了三个科(荚蒾科、唇形科和鹅掌楸科)中植物体的发育情况,这三个科中的嫩枝顶端分生组织(SAM)是植物生长的关键结构,它们的缺失或改变都会影响植物体的发育。本综述重点介绍了这些植物采用的替代发育策略。此外,我们还考虑了这些物种的其他繁殖方式,即通过叶柄、叶片或经修饰的叶片等结构,绕过 SAM 的需要。此外,我们还报告了基于已知参与 SAM 形成和功能的基因表达模式的研究。有趣的是,这些基因仍然存在,但表达的位置并不典型,这表明发育网络已经重新布线。我们对现有文献和知识的看法表明,SAM 的缺失或减少是由环境压力和进化限制共同驱动的,从而导致了这些独特的形态。利用新一代测序技术开展的进一步研究将有助于探索这些适应性的遗传基础以及环境因素如何影响这些适应性。
期刊介绍:
Planta publishes timely and substantial articles on all aspects of plant biology.
We welcome original research papers on any plant species. Areas of interest include biochemistry, bioenergy, biotechnology, cell biology, development, ecological and environmental physiology, growth, metabolism, morphogenesis, molecular biology, new methods, physiology, plant-microbe interactions, structural biology, and systems biology.