A Mixed Methods Analysis of Long COVID Symptoms in Black Americans: Examining Physical and Mental Health Outcomes.

IF 3.2 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Janelle R Goodwill, Tiwaloluwa A Ajibewa
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: While several reports confirm that long COVID is associated with poorer health, few studies explore how long COVID directly impacts the lives of Black Americans who experienced higher mortality rates early in the pandemic. Even fewer studies utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods to identify pertinent long COVID symptoms. The current study, therefore, sought to identify points of overlap and divergence when comparing qualitative vs. quantitative descriptions of long COVID experiences among Black adults in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional surveys collected from the AmeriSpeak panel through the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago. This panel includes a probability-based sample of adults across the United States. Respondents completed online surveys between April and June 2022. We compared outcomes among participants who reported experiencing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (i.e., long COVID) to those who reported experiencing SARS-CoV-2 without long COVID.

Results: Nearly all qualitative responses focused on matters of physical health like prolonged coughing, cardiovascular concerns, troubled breathing, fatigue, headaches, memory loss, and bodily pains. Quantitative results, however, showed that Black adults living with long COVID reported significantly more anxiety, depressive symptoms, and hopelessness. Persons with long COVID were also significantly more likely to report experiencing psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts within the last year.

Conclusions: Black adults with long COVID experienced worse outcomes across all mental health measures. Despite the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency expiration in May 2023, urgent efforts are still required to not only treat both the physical and mental health needs of persons living with long COVID, but to effectively prevent the spread and transmission of COVID-19.

美国黑人长期 COVID 症状的混合方法分析:研究身心健康结果。
背景:虽然有多份报告证实,长期 COVID 与较差的健康状况有关,但很少有研究探讨长期 COVID 如何直接影响美国黑人的生活,因为他们在大流行早期的死亡率较高。利用定量和定性方法来识别相关的长期慢性病毒性反应症状的研究更是少之又少。因此,本研究试图在比较美国黑人成年人对长期慢性阻塞性肺病经历的定性描述和定量描述时,找出重叠点和分歧点:我们分析了芝加哥大学国家舆论研究中心 (NORC) 从 AmeriSpeak 小组收集的横截面调查。该小组包括全美成年人的概率样本。受访者在 2022 年 4 月至 6 月期间完成了在线调查。我们比较了报告经历过 COVID-19 后遗症(即长 COVID)的参与者与报告经历过 SARS-CoV-2 但没有长 COVID 的参与者的结果:几乎所有定性回答都集中在身体健康方面,如长时间咳嗽、心血管问题、呼吸困难、疲劳、头痛、记忆力减退和身体疼痛。然而,定量结果显示,长期感染 COVID 的黑人成年人报告的焦虑、抑郁症状和绝望情绪明显增多。此外,长期慢性阻塞性肺气肿患者在过去一年中出现精神病、自杀意念、自杀计划和自杀未遂的可能性也明显更高:结论:在所有心理健康指标中,患有长期 COVID 的黑人成年人的结果更差。尽管 COVID-19 公共卫生紧急状况将于 2023 年 5 月到期,但我们仍需做出紧急努力,不仅要满足长 COVID 患者的生理和心理健康需求,还要有效预防 COVID-19 的传播和扩散。
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来源期刊
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
5.10%
发文量
263
期刊介绍: Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities reports on the scholarly progress of work to understand, address, and ultimately eliminate health disparities based on race and ethnicity. Efforts to explore underlying causes of health disparities and to describe interventions that have been undertaken to address racial and ethnic health disparities are featured. Promising studies that are ongoing or studies that have longer term data are welcome, as are studies that serve as lessons for best practices in eliminating health disparities. Original research, systematic reviews, and commentaries presenting the state-of-the-art thinking on problems centered on health disparities will be considered for publication. We particularly encourage review articles that generate innovative and testable ideas, and constructive discussions and/or critiques of health disparities.Because the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities receives a large number of submissions, about 30% of submissions to the Journal are sent out for full peer review.
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