Tree drought–mortality risk depends more on intrinsic species resistance than on stand species diversity

IF 10.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Renaud Decarsin, Joannès Guillemot, Guerric le Maire, Haben Blondeel, Céline Meredieu, Emma Achard, Damien Bonal, Hervé Cochard, Déborah Corso, Sylvain Delzon, Zoé Doucet, Arsène Druel, Charlotte Grossiord, José Manuel Torres-Ruiz, Jürgen Bauhus, Douglas L. Godbold, Peter Hajek, Hervé Jactel, Joel Jensen, Simone Mereu, Quentin Ponette, Boris Rewald, Julien Ruffault, Hans Sandén, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Hernán Serrano-León, Guillaume Simioni, Kris Verheyen, Ramona Werner, Nicolas Martin-StPaul
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Abstract

Increasing tree diversity is considered a key management option to adapt forests to climate change. However, the effect of species diversity on a forest's ability to cope with extreme drought remains elusive. In this study, we assessed drought tolerance (xylem vulnerability to cavitation) and water stress (water potential), and combined them into a metric of drought–mortality risk (hydraulic safety margin) during extreme 2021 or 2022 summer droughts in five European tree diversity experiments encompassing different biomes. Overall, we found that drought–mortality risk was primarily driven by species identity (56.7% of the total variability), while tree diversity had a much lower effect (8% of the total variability). This result remained valid at the local scale (i.e within experiment) and across the studied European biomes. Tree diversity effect on drought–mortality risk was mediated by changes in water stress intensity, not by changes in xylem vulnerability to cavitation. Significant diversity effects were observed in all experiments, but those effects often varied from positive to negative across mixtures for a given species. Indeed, we found that the composition of the mixtures (i.e., the identities of the species mixed), but not the species richness of the mixture per se, is a driver of tree drought–mortality risk. This calls for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms before tree diversity can be considered an operational adaption tool to extreme drought. Forest diversification should be considered jointly with management strategies focussed on favouring drought-tolerant species.

树木的干旱死亡风险更多地取决于物种的内在抗性,而不是林分物种多样性。
增加树木多样性被认为是使森林适应气候变化的关键管理方案。然而,物种多样性对森林应对极端干旱能力的影响仍然难以捉摸。在这项研究中,我们评估了耐旱性(木质部对空洞化的脆弱性)和水压力(水势),并将它们合并成一个干旱-死亡风险(水力安全系数)指标,该指标是在欧洲五个涵盖不同生物群落的树木多样性实验中,在 2021 年或 2022 年夏季极端干旱期间得出的。总体而言,我们发现干旱致死风险主要受物种特征的影响(占总变异性的 56.7%),而树木多样性的影响要小得多(占总变异性的 8%)。这一结果在局部范围内(即在实验中)以及在所研究的欧洲生物群落中仍然有效。树木多样性对干旱致死风险的影响是通过水胁迫强度的变化而非木质部易受空化影响的变化来实现的。在所有实验中都观察到了显著的多样性效应,但在特定物种的混合物中,这些效应往往有正有负。事实上,我们发现混合物的组成(即混合物种的特性),而不是混合物本身的物种丰富度,是树木干旱致死风险的驱动因素。这就要求在将树木多样性视为适应极端干旱的操作工具之前,更好地了解其潜在机制。在考虑森林多样化的同时,还应该考虑以耐旱树种为重点的管理策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Global Change Biology
Global Change Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
21.50
自引率
5.20%
发文量
497
审稿时长
3.3 months
期刊介绍: Global Change Biology is an environmental change journal committed to shaping the future and addressing the world's most pressing challenges, including sustainability, climate change, environmental protection, food and water safety, and global health. Dedicated to fostering a profound understanding of the impacts of global change on biological systems and offering innovative solutions, the journal publishes a diverse range of content, including primary research articles, technical advances, research reviews, reports, opinions, perspectives, commentaries, and letters. Starting with the 2024 volume, Global Change Biology will transition to an online-only format, enhancing accessibility and contributing to the evolution of scholarly communication.
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