Reprint: A Review of Patterns of Multiple Paternity Across Sea Turtle Rookeries.

Advances in marine biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI:10.1016/bs.amb.2024.08.005
Patricia L M Lee, Gail Schofield, Rebecca I Haughey, Antonios D Mazaris, Graeme C Hays
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Abstract

Why females would mate with multiple partners and have multiple fathers for clutches or litters is a long-standing enigma. There is a broad dichotomy in hypotheses ranging from polyandry having benefits to simply being an unavoidable consequence of a high incidence of male-female encounters. If females simply give in to mating when it is too costly to avoid being harassed by males (convenience polyandry), then there should be a higher rate of mating as density increases. However, if females actively seek males because they benefit from multiple mating, then mating frequency, and consequently the incidence of multiple paternity of clutches, should be high throughout. To explore these competing explanations, here we review the incidence of multiple paternity for sea turtles nesting around the World. Across 30 rookeries, including all 7 species of sea turtle, the incidence of multiple paternity was only weakly linked to rookery size (r2=0.14). However, using high resolution at-sea GPS tracking we show that the specifics of movement patterns play a key role in driving packing density and hence the likely rate of male-female encounters. When individuals use the same focal areas, packing density could be 100× greater than when assuming individuals move independently. Once the extent of adult movements in the breeding season was considered so that movements and abundance could be combined to produce a measure of density, then across rookeries we found a very tight relationship (r2=0.96) between packing density and the incidence of multiple paternity. These findings suggest that multiple paternity in sea turtles may have no benefit, but is simply a consequence of the incidence of male-female encounters.

再版:海龟巢穴中多重父子关系模式综述。
为什么雌性会与多个伴侣交配,并为一窝或一胎生育多个父亲,这是一个长期存在的谜团。各种假说大相径庭,有的认为多雄交配有好处,有的则认为多雄交配只是雄性与雌性频繁交配不可避免的结果。如果雌性只是在避免被雄性骚扰的代价过高时屈服交配(方便的多雄性交配),那么随着密度的增加,交配率应该会更高。然而,如果雌性积极寻找雄性是因为它们能从多次交配中获益,那么交配频率以及由此产生的多父子关系应该始终很高。为了探讨这些相互竞争的解释,我们在此回顾了世界各地海龟筑巢时多重父子关系的发生率。在包括所有7种海龟在内的30个海龟产卵场中,多重父子关系的发生率与产卵场的大小只有微弱的联系(r2=0.14)。然而,利用高分辨率海上全球定位系统跟踪,我们发现,运动模式的具体细节在驱使海龟集群密度方面起着关键作用,因此也就决定了雌雄海龟相遇的可能发生率。当个体使用相同的焦点区域时,堆积密度可能比假定个体独立运动时高 100 倍。一旦考虑到成鸟在繁殖季节的活动范围,从而可以将活动和丰度结合起来来衡量密度,我们就会发现,在不同的繁殖地,聚集密度和多重父子关系的发生率之间存在着非常紧密的关系(r2=0.96)。这些研究结果表明,海龟的多重父子关系可能没有任何益处,而仅仅是雌雄相遇发生率的结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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