The Prevalence and Determinants of Mental Health Problems in Lebanon: A Meta-Analytic Study of 3957 Healthcare Workers.

Maher Ghandour, Najwa ElGerges, Nancy Zeaiter
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Abstract

Objective: Healthcare workers are continuously exposed to challenging environments, making them liable for poor mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this problem, however available data in Lebanon is scarce. We conducted this investigation to provide comprehensive evidence on the mental health of Lebanese healthcare workers.

Methods: In this systematic review, we analyzed 3957 workers reported in 15 cross-sectional studies (10 during and five before the pandemic), identified after searching four databases. Examined mental health problems included depression, anxiety, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and poor sleep quality. STATA software was used to pool the prevalence across studies. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the pandemic status, severity of mental health problems, and healthcare worker type. Gender and marital status were analyzed as potential risk factors. The methodological quality of all included studies was good as per the National Institute of Health risk of bias tool.

Results: Anxiety, depression, stress, PTSD, insomnia, and poor sleep quality were reported in 50%, 52%, 50%, 35%, 45%, and 41% of the population, respectively. Most cases had mild anxiety (40%), mild depression (45%), but severe stress (27%). Depression and anxiety were highest among pharmacists (69% and 56%) and nurses (49% and 45%), respectively. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, depression (36% vs. 62%) and anxiety (30% vs. 56%) rates were higher during the pandemic, while stress levels were lower (62% vs. 45%). Both gender and marital status were insignificant predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, or PTSD.

Conclusions: Depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, insomnia, and poor sleep quality are experienced by approximately one in every two Lebanese healthcare workers. The rate of depression and anxiety almost doubled during the pandemic with higher rates among pharmacists and nurses than physicians and residents. Both gender and marital status were deemed insignificant predictors of reported mental health problems.

黎巴嫩心理健康问题的普遍性和决定因素:对 3957 名医护人员进行的元分析研究。
目标:医护人员长期暴露在具有挑战性的环境中,容易出现心理健康问题。COVID-19 大流行加剧了这一问题,但黎巴嫩的可用数据却很少。我们开展了这项调查,以提供有关黎巴嫩医护人员心理健康的全面证据:在这项系统性研究中,我们分析了 15 项横断面研究(10 项在大流行期间,5 项在大流行之前)中报告的 3957 名医护人员,这些研究是在搜索了 4 个数据库后确定的。研究的心理健康问题包括抑郁、焦虑、压力、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和睡眠质量差。使用 STATA 软件汇总了各研究的患病率。根据大流行状况、心理健康问题的严重程度和医护人员类型进行了分组分析。性别和婚姻状况作为潜在风险因素进行了分析。根据美国国立卫生研究院的偏倚风险工具,所有纳入研究的方法学质量均为良好:据报告,焦虑、抑郁、压力、创伤后应激障碍、失眠和睡眠质量差的比例分别为 50%、52%、50%、35%、45% 和 41%。大多数病例有轻度焦虑(40%)、轻度抑郁(45%)和严重压力(27%)。药剂师(69% 和 56%)和护士(49% 和 45%)的抑郁和焦虑程度最高。与大流行前相比,大流行期间的抑郁率(36% 对 62%)和焦虑率(30% 对 56%)较高,而压力水平较低(62% 对 45%)。性别和婚姻状况对抑郁、焦虑、压力或创伤后应激障碍的预测作用不明显:大约每两名黎巴嫩医护人员中就有一人患有抑郁症、焦虑症、创伤后应激障碍、失眠和睡眠质量差。在大流行期间,抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率几乎翻了一番,药剂师和护士的发病率高于医生和住院医师。性别和婚姻状况被认为对报告的心理健康问题的预测作用不大。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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