A high cholesterol diet aggravates experimental colitis through SREBP2-modulated endocytosis and degradation of occludin and Zo-1 proteins.

Qin Yang, Yongjia Li, Xingxing Wang, Qiuying Ding, Yi Tao, Pan Li, Xuemei Lian, Yaxi Chen, Lei Zhao
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Abstract

Disrupted cholesterol homeostasis plays a critical role in the development of multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the role of cholesterol in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether and how high levels of cholesterol in the diet affect experimental colitis in mice. A normal diet supplemented with 1.25% cholesterol (high cholesterol diet) caused more severe colitis and aggravated the disruption of intestinal tight junction structure, accompanied by higher colonic tissue total cholesterol (TC) levels in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis mouse model. Cholesterol aggravated DSS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (nSREBP2) inhibition both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, nSREBP2 overexpression ameliorated cholesterol-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption in Caco2 cells. Interestingly, inhibition of SREBP2 disrupted intestinal epithelial barrier in the absence of cholesterol. Furthermore, SREBP2 regulated the protein expression of tight junction proteins (occludin/Zo-1) via modulating caveolin-1-mediated endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. Analysis of UK Biobank data indicated that, in fully adjusted models, higher serum TC concentrations were an independent protective factor for IBD incidence. The sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2 (SREBF2) gene rs2228313 (G/C) genetic variant was associated with the incidence of IBD and the CC genotype of SREBF2 rs2228313 was associated with higher serum TC levels and decreased the risk of IBD. In summary, a high cholesterol diet aggravates DSS-induced colitis in mice by down-regulating nSREBP2 expression, thereby promoting the endocytic degradation of tight junction proteins. In humans, SREBF2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs2228313 and serum TC levels are associated with IBD incidence.

高胆固醇饮食通过 SREBP2 调节的内吞和降解闭塞素和 Zo-1 蛋白,加重实验性结肠炎。
胆固醇平衡紊乱在心血管疾病和癌症等多种疾病的发病过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而,胆固醇在炎症性肠病(IBD)中的作用仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们调查了饮食中高水平的胆固醇是否以及如何影响小鼠的实验性结肠炎。在葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的实验性结肠炎小鼠模型中,补充 1.25% 胆固醇的正常饮食(高胆固醇饮食)会导致更严重的结肠炎,并加剧肠道紧密连接结构的破坏,同时结肠组织总胆固醇(TC)水平也会升高。胆固醇会加重 DSS 诱导的肠上皮屏障损伤以及体内和体外的核固醇调节元件结合蛋白 2(nSREBP2)抑制作用。此外,过表达 nSREBP2 可改善胆固醇诱导的 Caco2 细胞肠上皮屏障破坏。有趣的是,在没有胆固醇的情况下,抑制 SREBP2 会破坏肠上皮屏障。此外,SREBP2还通过调节洞穴素-1介导的内吞和溶酶体降解来调节紧密连接蛋白(occludin/Zo-1)的蛋白表达。对英国生物库数据的分析表明,在完全调整模型中,较高的血清 TC 浓度是 IBD 发病率的一个独立保护因素。固醇调节元件结合因子 2(SREBF2)基因 rs2228313(G/C)遗传变异与 IBD 的发病率有关,SREBF2 rs2228313 的 CC 基因型与较高的血清 TC 水平有关,并能降低 IBD 的发病风险。总之,高胆固醇饮食通过下调 nSREBP2 的表达,从而促进紧密连接蛋白的内细胞降解,加重 DSS 诱导的小鼠结肠炎。在人类中,SREBF2基因单核苷酸多态性rs2228313和血清TC水平与IBD发病率相关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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