Lower doses of dacarbazine (modified BEACODD) as a safer strategy with equal effectiveness in an intensive treatment protocol of Hodgkin's lymphoma: a preliminary retrospective analysis of a single public center in Brazil.

Abstract

The German Hodgkin Study Group developed the escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) protocol as a treatment strategy for advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. In Brazil, as well as in other countries, procarbazine has been replaced with dacarbazine due to the limited availability of procarbazine. The Hematology Center at Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia in São Paulo adopted and modified the escalated BEACOPP protocol, substituting prednisone with dexamethasone and incorporating two different doses of dacarbazine: 375 mg/m²/day on Day 8 or the original dose of 250 mg/m²/day on Days 2 and 3. This adjustment was made in response to the anticipated toxicity profile. This study aimed to compare the two different doses in the protocols (375 mg/m²/cycle versus 500 mg/m²/cycle) administered to patients with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma in similar periods. This retrospective study analyzed the data of 31 patients at a single center in Brazil from 2019 to 2021. Seventeen of the 31 patients received 500 mg/m²/cycle (500 Group), while 14 received 375 mg/m²/cycle (375 Group). At the end of the protocol, 71% of the patients in the 375 Group and 76% in the 500 Group achieved complete remission. On analyzing the number of cycles that patients presented with febrile neutropenia, the 500 Group had three times more events (17.9%) than the 375 Group (6.09% - p-value = 0.04). In the 500 Group, 47.1% needed to change the protocol to ABVD (doxorubicin hydrochloride, bleomycin sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, and dacarbazine) due to toxicity. In this limited cohort from a single public center in Brazil, the use of 375 mg/m² of dacarbazine per cycle of the modified escalated BEACOPP protocol emerged as a safer strategy, maintaining treatment efficacy without compromising response in patients with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma.