Detection of dengue virus and chikungunya virus in wastewater in Portugal: an exploratory surveillance study

IF 20.9 1区生物学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Lancet Microbe Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00150-2

Sílvia Monteiro PhD , Raquel Pimenta MSc , Filipa Nunes MSc , Mónica V Cunha PhD , Ricardo Santos PhD

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The global distribution and prevalence of arboviral diseases have increased in recent years, driven by factors such as climate change, biodiversity loss, globalisation, and urbanisation. These diseases are often underestimated due to uneven surveillance and unreported asymptomatic cases. Current surveillance relies on vector and clinical surveillance. In this study, we aimed to explore wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) as an additional tool for dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) tracking.

Methods

In this exploratory surveillance study, WBS was done at eleven wastewater treatment plants in three regions in Portugal (North, Lisboa and Vale do Tejo, and south). Using quantitative RT-PCR, we quantified in raw wastewater the RNA concentrations of DENV and CHIKV (non-structural viral protein 1 [nsP1] and envelope protein [E1] genes) once every 2 weeks for a period of 11 months, between May 16, 2022, and April 19, 2023. Results were normalised with crAssphage (concentration of target viral RNA divided by the concentration of crAssphage DNA) and provided as median normalised viral load. Prevalence (proportion of positive samples) and viral quantities were summarised for the total sampling period, by calendar month, and by seasons.

Findings

273 samples were collected from 11 wastewater treatment plants situated across the North (n=75 samples), Lisboa and Vale do Tejo (n=98), and south (n=100) regions of Portugal. DENV was detected in 68 (25%) of 273 samples, with a median viral load of 1·1 × 10^–4 (IQR 3·2 × 10^–5 to 8·0 × 10^–4). CHIKV was detected in 30 (11%) of 273 samples, with median viral loads of 3·1 × 10^–4 (1·6 × 10^–4 to 6·4 × 10^–4; nsP1 gene) and 7·8 × 10^–4 (4·2 × 10^–4 to 2·0 × 10^–³; E1 gene). The pattern of occurrence of CHIKV was similar between regions whereas slight differences were found for DENV. When combining results for the three studied regions, DENV prevalence and viral load had two seasonal peaks (summer and winter) and CHIKV prevalence and viral load had a single peak during March and April of 2023.

Interpretation

This study highlights the potential of WBS as a potent tool for gauging the epidemiological landscape of DENV and CHIKV in Portugal, where autochthonous cases have not yet been detected. WBS could serve as an additional element to conventional surveillance approaches, especially in areas where real-time clinical surveillance data are scarce or delayed.

Funding

EU Emergency Support Instrument and Fundação para a Ciencia e Tecnologia.

查看原文本刊更多论文

葡萄牙废水中登革热病毒和基孔肯雅病毒的检测：一项探索性监测研究。

背景：近年来，受气候变化、生物多样性丧失、全球化和城市化等因素的影响，虫媒病毒疾病在全球的分布和流行率都有所上升。由于监测不平衡和无症状病例未报告，这些疾病往往被低估。目前的监测主要依靠病媒和临床监测。在这项研究中，我们旨在探索将基于废水的监测（WBS）作为登革热病毒（DENV）和基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）追踪的额外工具：在这项探索性监测研究中，我们对葡萄牙三个地区（北部、里斯本和 Vale do Tejo 以及南部）的 11 家污水处理厂进行了 WBS 监测。在2022年5月16日至2023年4月19日的11个月期间，我们使用定量RT-PCR技术，每两周一次定量检测原废水中DENV和CHIKV（非结构病毒蛋白1 [nsP1]和包膜蛋白[E1]基因）的RNA浓度。结果用crAssphage（目标病毒RNA浓度除以crAssphage DNA浓度）归一化，并以归一化病毒载量中位数提供。结果：从葡萄牙北部（样本数=75）、里斯本和Vale do Tejo（样本数=98）以及南部（样本数=100）地区的11家污水处理厂收集了273个样本。273 份样本中有 68 份（25%）检测到 DENV，病毒载量中位数为 1-1 × 10-4（IQR 3-2 × 10-5 至 8-0 × 10-4）。273 份样本中有 30 份（11%）检测到 CHIKV，病毒量中位数为 3-1 × 10-4（1-6 × 10-4 至 6-4 × 10-4；nsP1 基因）和 7-8 × 10-4（4-2 × 10-4 至 2-0 × 10-³；E1 基因）。不同地区的 CHIKV 发生模式相似，而 DENV 的发生模式略有不同。综合三个研究地区的结果，DENV 流行率和病毒载量有两个季节性高峰（夏季和冬季），CHIKV 流行率和病毒载量在 2023 年 3 月和 4 月有一个单一高峰：本研究强调了 WBS 作为一种有效工具的潜力，可用于衡量葡萄牙的 DENV 和 CHIKV 流行病学状况，因为葡萄牙尚未发现本地病例。WBS 可作为传统监测方法的补充要素，尤其是在实时临床监测数据稀缺或延迟的地区：资金来源：欧盟紧急支持工具和科学技术基金会。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Lancet Microbe Multiple-

CiteScore

27.20

自引率

0.80%

发文量

278

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： The Lancet Microbe is a gold open access journal committed to publishing content relevant to clinical microbiologists worldwide, with a focus on studies that advance clinical understanding, challenge the status quo, and advocate change in health policy.